11 research outputs found

    ΠžΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ получСния ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° для биологичСской ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°

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    Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is now considered as an effective tool for the treatment of various GI pathologies. Fecal preparations are delivered both through the lower GIT (enema, colonoscopy) and upper (endoscopy, capsules). A common disadvantage of instrumental methods of administration is their high invasiveness associated with the risk of intestinal perforation and the use of anesthesia. Oral capsules are minimally invasive, comfortable and more aesthetic, so this method of drug delivery is gaining popularity. The main issue with the use of frozen feces (including the lyophilisate used in capsules) is its efficiency compared to the original material. During lyophilization, cells are exposed to stress factors such as low temperatures, water crystallization, osmotic stress, changes in pH, and dehydration. To reduce the likelihood of cell damage during lyophilization, protective media (lyo-protectants) are used. In this work sucrose, gelatin, and their combinations have been used as lyoprotectors. To estimate the number of microorganisms, a bacteriological study was carried out. The number of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, and the total number of E.coli and Enterobacteriaceae was estimated. It was found that the lyophilized stool sample containing 10% sucrose as a protective medium had the highest number of viable cells. Also, the physical properties of the lyophilisate (its flowability) are convenient for preparing capsulated form. The molar ratios of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the original fecal samples and lyophilisates were studied by gas chromatography. The molar ratios of major SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) were identical in the samples studied. The composition of the protective medium in which the lyophilized biomaterial corresponds to the original feces in terms of the number of "live" microorganisms has been proposed. According to its physical characteristics lyophilisate is convenient for capsules preparation.К настоящСму ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρƒ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ трансплантации Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ (ВЀМ) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π–ΠšΠ’ Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ сомнСний. ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‹ Π–ΠšΠ’ (ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, колоноскопия), Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (эндоскопия, капсулы). ΠžΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠΌ нСдостатком ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ввСдСния являСтся ΠΈΡ… высокая ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, связанная с риском ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ„ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ анСстСзии. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ капсулы минимально ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹, ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ эстСтичны, поэтому этот способ доставки ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° становится всС Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ популярным. Основной вопрос, связанный с использованиСм Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π»Π° (Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² капсулах), Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² эффСктивности Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с исходным ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ. Π’ процСссС Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡŽ стрСссовых Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹, кристаллизация Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, осмотичСский стрСсс, измСнСния рН растворов, дСгидратация. Для сниТСния риска ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ срСды (Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹). Π’ качСствС Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ использовали сахарозу, ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ количСства ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ бактСриологичСскоС исслСдованиС. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ количСство Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ сСмСйства Enterobacterales Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π΅ ΠΊΠ°Π»Π°, содСрТащСм Π² качСствС Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСды 10 % сахарозу, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ наибольшСС количСство ТизнСспособных ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ, физичСскиС свойства Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π° (Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡ‹ΠΏΡƒΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ) ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ для наполнСния капсул. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ исслСдованы молярныС ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠšΠ–Πš Π² исходных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ…. ΠœΠΎΠ»ΡΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΆΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΡ†Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот (ΠšΠ–Πš) Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π° оказались ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ Π² исслСдуСмых ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ…. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ состав Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСды, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» максимально соотвСтствуСт исходному ΠΊΠ°Π»Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎ количСству Β«ΠΆΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Ρ…Β» ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². Π›ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎ своим физичСским характСристикам ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ для приготовлСния капсул

    ΠœΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ лСкарствСнных соСдинСний

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    The human physiology textbooks traditionally consider the intestine as a metabolically active organ, with its activity primarily associated with the production of numerous digestive enzymes. The development of molecular analysis technologies has significantly detailized this picture, primarily by decoding the metabolic potential of the intestinal microbiota. Data from numerous metagenomic studies indicate that the number of eukaryotic and bacterial cells in the human body is comparable - about 3.0Γ—1013, while the number of genes in the intestinal metagenome is one hundred times greater than in the human genome. Obviously, the gut microbiota exhibits both direct and indirect effects on the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics, that can affect their effectiveness and toxicity. Orally administrated xenobiotics have been found to be metabolized by intestinal microbial enzymes before being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood flow. The metabolic reactions performed by the gut microbiota greatly differ from the metabolic reactions of the liver, providing modification of drugs by acetylation, deacetylation, decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, demethylation, dehalogenation, etc. Despite the metabolism of xenobiotics by microbial enzymes of the intestine is rather known, information about the specific microflora mediating each metabolic reaction is still limited, mainly by the lack of an adequate model of the intestinal microbial community to allow the accumulation of experimental data for the creation of computational models. Currently, studies of drug metabolism use microfluidic chips, reproducing functions of various organs and tissues, such as the liver, kidney, lungs and intestine, as in vitro models in the form of 2D and 3D cell cultures. Supplementation of such systems with the microbial community will allow to get as close as possible to in vitro modeling of complicated biological processes in the interests of pharmacological research and the accumulation of data for constructing computational models.Π’ курсС Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ мСтаболичСски Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½, Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ многочислСнных ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ молСкулярного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ сущСствСнно Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ эту ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ, Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ Π·Π° счСт Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ мСтаболичСского ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹. Π”Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ многочислСнных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ количСство эукариотичСских ΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° сопоставимо – ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 3.0Ρ…1013, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом количСство Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² сто Ρ€Π°Π· большС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠžΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ прямоС, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ опосрСдованноС влияниС Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ксСнобиотиков, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ… эффСктивности ΠΈ токсичности. ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ксСнобиотики, Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ всасывания ΠΈΠ· ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π² ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, выполняСмыС ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ мСтаболичСских Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ, обСспСчивая ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ ацСтилирования, дСацСтилирования, дСкарбоксилирования, дСгидроксилирования, дСмСтилирования, дСгалогСнирования ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. НСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ксСнобиотиков ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни извСстСн, информация ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Π΅, ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ, всё Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π°, Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ, отсутствиСм Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сообщСства ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ для построСния Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. БСгодня Π² исслСдовании ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° лСкарствСнных срСдств ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΡŽΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‡ΠΈΠΏΡ‹, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ, ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊ, воспроизводятся Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ in vitro ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ 2D ΠΈ 3D ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€. Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… систСм ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ сообщСством ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ максимально ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ in vitro слоТных биологичСских процСссов Π² интСрСсах фармакологичСских исслСдований ΠΈ накоплСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… для построСния Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ

    Discrimination between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mitis based on sorting of their MALDI mass spectra

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    AbstractAccurate species-level identification of alpha-hemolytic (viridans) streptococci (VGS) is very important for understanding their pathogenicity and virulence. However, an extremely high level of similarity between VGS within the mitis group (S. pneumoniae, S. mitis, S. oralis and S. pseudopneumoniae) often results in misidentification of these organisms. Earlier, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been suggested as a tool for the rapid identification of S. pneumoniae. However, by using Biotyper 3.0 (Bruker) or Vitek MS (bioMΓ©rieux) databases, Streptococcus mitis/oralis species can be erroneously identified as S. pneumoniae. ClinProTools 2.1 software was used for the discrimination of MALDI-TOF mass spectra of 25 S. pneumoniae isolates, 34 S. mitis and three S. oralis. Phenotypical tests and multilocus gene typing schemes for the S. pneumoniae (http://spneumoniae.mlst.net/) and viridans streptococci (http://viridans.emlsa.net/) were used for the identification of isolates included in the study. The classifying model was generated based on different algorithms (Genetic Algorithm, Supervised Neural Network and QuickClassifier). In all cases, values of sensitivity and specificity were found to be equal or close to 100%, allowing discrimination of mass spectra of different species. Three peaks (6949, 9876 and 9975 m/z) were determined conferring the maximal statistical weight onto each model built. We find this approach to be promising for viridans streptococci discrimination

    Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ разнообразия Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Bifidobacterium ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ с использованиСм ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° MALDI-TOF масс-спСктромСтрии

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    Background: The members of genus Bifidobacterium represent a significant part of intestinal microbiota in adults and predominate in infants. Species repertoire of the intestinal bifidobacteria is known to be subjected to major changes with age; however, many details of this process are still to be elucidated.Objective: Our aim was to study the diversity of intestinal bifidobacteria and changes of their qualitative and quantitative composition characteristics during the process of growing up using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometric analysis of pure bacterial cultures.Methods: A cross-sectional study of bifidobacteria in the intestinal microbiota was performed in 93 healthy people of the ages from 1 month to 57 years. Strains were identified using Microflex LT MALDI-TOF MS, the confirmation was performed by 16S rRNA gene fragment sequencing.Results: 93% of isolated bifidobacterial strains were successfully identified using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry. At least two of the strains from each species were additionally identified by 16S rRNA gene fragment sequencing, in all of the cases the results were the same. It was shown that the total concentration of bifidobacteria decreases with age (p 0.001) as well as the frequency of isolation of Bifidobacterium bifidum (p =0.020) and Bifidobacterium breve (p 0.001), and the frequency of isolation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, increases (p 0.001), representing the continuous process of transformation of microbiota.Conclusion: The method of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry demonstrated the ability to perform rapid and reliable identification of bifidobacteria that allowed the study of changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human microbiota in the process of growing up.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Bifidobacterium ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° взрослых людСй ΠΈ числСнно Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π΅Π². Π˜Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ состав ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ подвСргаСтся ΡΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ измСнСниям с возрастом, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈ этого процСсса ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ нСясными.ЦСль исслСдования: ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ измСнСния ΠΈΡ… качСствСнного ΠΈ количСствСнного состава Π² процСссС взрослСния Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ MALDI-TOF масс-спСктромСтричСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ чистых ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: кросс-сСкционноС исслСдованиС разнообразия Π±ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Π² составС Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρƒ 93 Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π² возрастС ΠΎΡ‚ 1 мСс Π΄ΠΎ 57 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. ΠžΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅- Π½ΠΈΠ΅ чистых ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€Π΅ Microflex LT MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, ГСрмания), ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ с использованиСм сСквСнирования Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π³Π΅Π½Π° 16S Ρ€Π ΠΠš.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹: с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ MALDI-TOF масс-спСктромСтрии Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 93% Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ. ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ 2 прСдставитСля ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ сСквСнирования Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π³Π΅Π½Π° 16SΡ€Π ΠΠš; Π²ΠΎ всСх случаях Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² совпали. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ с возрастом происходит сниТСниС ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ (p 0,001), ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Bifidobacterium bifidum (p =0,020) ΠΈ Bifidobacterium breve (p 0,001), Π° Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Bifidobacterium adolescentis увСличиваСтся (p 0,001), отраТая постСпСнныС процСссы пСрСстройки ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ MALDI-TOF масс-спСктромСтрии ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ быстрой ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ, позволившСй провСсти исслСдованиС ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ количСствСнных ΠΈ качСствСнных ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² процСссС взрослСни

    GENERATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEUTRALIZING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST RABIES VIRUS

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    Rabies is a zoonotic disease, for which effective treatment methods after the onset of clinical symptoms have not been developed yet. Polyclonal sera, both human and equine, along with vaccines are important means of disease prophylaxis. However, due to adverse reactions to the immunoglobulins of animal origin, high cost, and limited availability of the safer human serum, polyclonal antibodies should be substituted for a stable and efficient preparation, which is recombinant neutralizing antirabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This paper reports generation of the humanized mAb 1C5, which binds with the antigenic site (AS) III of the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABVG) and demonstrates high virus neutralization activity in the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test, as a result of expression in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells

    An improved and extended dual-index multiplexed 16S rRNA sequencing for the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platform

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    Abstract Background Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have ushered in significant improvements in sequencing speed and data throughput, thereby enabling the simultaneous analysis of a greater number of samples within a single sequencing run. This technology has proven particularly valuable in the context of microbial community profiling, offering a powerful tool for characterizing the microbial composition at the species level within a given sample. This profiling process typically involves the sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene fragments. By scaling up the analysis to accommodate a substantial number of samples, sometimes as many as 2,000, it becomes possible to achieve cost-efficiency and minimize the introduction of potential batch effects. Our study was designed with the primary objective of devising an approach capable of facilitating the comprehensive analysis of 1,711 samples sourced from diverse origins, including oropharyngeal swabs, mouth cavity swabs, dental swabs, and human fecal samples. This analysis was based on data obtained from 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing conducted on the Illumina MiSeq and HiSeq sequencing platforms. Results We have designed a custom set of 10-base pair indices specifically tailored for the preparation of libraries from amplicons derived from the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. These indices are instrumental in the analysis of the microbial composition in clinical samples through sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq and HiSeq platforms. The utilization of our custom index set enables the consolidation of a significant number of libraries, enabling the efficient sequencing of these libraries in a single run. Conclusions The unique array of 10-base pair indices that we have developed, in conjunction with our sequencing methodology, will prove highly valuable to laboratories engaged in sequencing on Illumina platforms or utilizing Illumina-compatible kits

    Gene Networks Underlying the Resistance of Bifidobacterium longum to Inflammatory Factors

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    As permanent residents of the normal gut microbiota, bifidobacteria have evolved to adapt to the host’s immune response whose priority is to eliminate pathogenic agents. The mechanisms that ensure the survival of commensals during inflammation and maintain the stability of the core component of the normal gut microbiota in such conditions remain poorly understood.Β We propose a new in vitro approach to study the mechanisms of resistance to immune response factors based on high-throughput sequencing followed by transcriptome analysis. This approach allowed us to detect differentially expressed genes associated with inflammation. In this study, we demonstrated that the presence of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFΞ± to the growth medium of the B. longum subsp. longum GT15 strain changes the latter’s growth rate insignificantly while affecting the expression of certain genes. We identified these genes and performed a COG and a KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.Β Using phylogenetic profilingΒ we predicted the operons of genes whose expression was triggered by the cytokines TNFΞ± and IL-6 in vitro. By mapping the transcription start points, we experimentally validated the predicted operons. Thus, in this study, we predicted the genes involved in a putative signaling pathway underlying the mechanisms of resistance to inflammatory factors in bifidobacteria. Since bifidobacteria are a major component of the human intestinal microbiota exhibiting pronounced anti-inflammatory properties, this study is ofΒ great practical and scientific relevance. Β© Copyright Β© 2020 Veselovsky, Dyachkova, Menyaylo, Polyaeva, Olekhnovich, Shitikov, Bespiatykh, Semashko, Kasianov, Ilina, Danilenko and Klimina
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