KRIMINALITET MALOLETNIKA-STANJE U SVETU I U SRBIJI

Socially unacceptable behavior of young people has changed, over time, both in the forms of manifestations and in terms of causes and conditions which may lead it. Juvenile crime is negative, dynamic social phenomenon which represents the activity of one or more persons in a given period of time and space, conditioned by certain social relations and recognized by the legislation, whose disregard for and violation of the products and adequate criminal penalties. The study of the causes of juvenile delinquency includes two major, interrelated areas, which can be divided into objective (socio-economic) and subjective factors. Objective factors related to the study of the social conditions of criminal behavior of juveniles and the formation of personality under the influence of these conditions. Subjective factors include psychological characteristics of the personality of the minor, specific for intelligence, temperament, Socially unacceptable behavior of young people has changed, over time, both in the forms of manifestations and in terms of causes and conditions which may lead it. Juvenile crime is negative, dynamic social phenomenon which represents the activity of one or more persons in a given period of time and space, conditioned by certain social relations and recognized by the legislation, whose disregard for and violation of the products and adequate criminal penalties. The study of the causes of juvenile delinquency includes two major, interrelated areas, which can be divided into objective (socio-economic) and subjective factors. Objective factors related to the study of the social conditions of criminal behavior of juveniles and the formation of personality under the influence of these conditions. Subjective factors include psychological characteristics of the personality of the minor, specific for intelligence, temperament,  character, emotions, motives, attitudes, habits, preferences, primarily due to the specifc characteristics of puberty and adolescence as an important phase in the development of personality. The World Health Organizationestimates that annually around the world, young people aged 10 to 29 commit about 200,000 homicides, representing 43% of the total number of murders that are committed in the world each year. Only this indicates a serious social problem in the control and prevention of juvenile crime at the global level.Društveno neprihvatljivo ponašanje mladih, kroz vreme menjalo se kako u oblicima ispoljavanja tako i u pogledu uzroka i uslova koji ga izazivaju. Maloletnički kriminalitet je negativna, dinamična društvena pojava koja predstavlja aktivnost jednog ili više lica u određenom period i prostoru, uslovljenu određenim društvenim odnosima i inkriminisanu zakonskim propisima, čije nepoštovanje i kršenje povlači i adekvatne krivične sankcije. Izučavanje uzroka maloletničke delinkvencije obuhvata dva glavna, međusobno povezana područja, koji se mogu podeliti na objektivne (socijalno-ekonomske) i subjektivne faktore. Objektivni faktori se odnose na izučavanje socijalnih uslova kriminalnog ponašanja maloletnika i formiranje ličnosti pod uticajem tih uslova. Subjektivni faktori obuhvataju psihološke karakteristike ličnosti maloletnika, specifčne po inteligenciji, temperamentu, karakteru, emocijama, motivima, stavovima, navikama, sklonostima, pre svega, zbog posebnih obeležja puberteta i adolescencije kao značajnih faza u razvoju ličnosti. Svetska zdravstvena organizacija procenjuje da godišnje u celom svetu, mladi uzrasta od 10 do 29 godina počine oko 200.000 ubistava, što predstavlja 43% od ukupnog broja ubistava koja se počine na svetu svake godine. Samo ovaj podatak ukazuje na ozbiljan problem društva u kontroli i prevenciji maloletničkog kriminaliteta na globalnom nivou

Modern Analysis Techniques for Spectroscopic Binaries

Techniques to extract information from spectra of unresolved multi-component systems are revised, with emphasis on recent developments and practical aspects. We review the cross-correlation techniques developed to deal with such spectra, discuss the determination of the broadening function and compare techniques to reconstruct component spectra. The recent results obtained by separating or disentangling the component spectra is summarized. An evaluation is made of possible indeterminacies and random and systematic errors in the component spectra.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, Invited talk to appear in the proceedings of IAU Symp. No. 240 'Binary Stars as Critical Tools and Tests in Contemporary Astrophysics' (Prague, 22-25 August 2006), Eds. W. Hartkopf, E. Guinan & P. Harmanec (Cambridge Univ. Press

Regularizacija rješenja za raspodjele nabijene prašine u Einstein–Maxwellovoj teoriji

Regularization of singular solutions for the static spherically symmetric extremelly charged dust in the Majumdar-Papapetrou system has been investigated. Singularities are of such a type that solutions become physically unacceptable since physically relevant quantities (metric invariants) are singular as well. With a simple redefinition of the charge/energy distributions, these solutions can be regularized. A spectrum of solutions with a number of zero-nodes in the metric tensor is found, and it is shown that their regularization can be accomplished either by using a d-shell, or a thick shell distribution of matter. The bifurcating behaviour of regular solutions is not present any more, but quantized-like behaviour in the total mass allocated to the solutions is observed.Istražujemo regularizaciju rješenja za statičku sferno simetričnu potpuno nabijenu prašinu u Majumdar-Papapetrouovom sistemu. Rješenja u njihovim koordinatama pokazuju singularnosti. Te su singularnosti takve naravi da su rješenja fizikalno neprihvatljiva jer su važne fizičke veličine (metričke invarijante) također singularne. Ta se rješenja mogu regularizirati jednostavnom promjenom definicije raspodjela naboja/energije. Našli smo spektar rješenja s nekoliko nul-čvorova u metričkom tenzoru, i pokazali da se može postići njihova regularizacija bilo s δ sferom, ili s debelom sfernom raspodjelom tvari. Nestaje grananje regularnih rješenja, ali se za ukupnu masu pridruženu rješenjima opaža ponašanje slično kvantizaciji

Separation techniques for disentangling of composite spectra

Disentangling of composite spectra is a promissing technique for the analysis of double-lined spectroscopic binary systems. The technique makes use of a separation routine to extract model-component spectra out of a time series of observed composite spectra. Focusing on the differences between two possible approaches in the implementation of the separation routine, we compare the resulting limitations. We perform test runs on artificial data and conclude that separation in the wavelength domain is more versatile in several aspects, while the computational efficiency of separation in the Fourier domain allows working with larger data sets which is beneficial in a fully-blown disentangling process

Tehnike razdvajanja za raspetljavanje složenih spektara

Disentangling of composite spectra is a promissing technique for the analysis of double-lined spectroscopic binary systems. The technique makes use of a separation routine to extract model-component spectra out of a time series of observed composite spectra. Focusing on the differences between two possible approaches in the implementation of the separation routine, we compare the resulting limitations. We perform test runs on artificial data and conclude that separation in the wavelength domain is more versatile in several aspects, while the computational efficiency of separation in the Fourier domain allows working with larger data sets which is beneficial in a fully-blown disentangling process.Raspetljavanje složenih spektara je obećavajuća metoda za proučavanje dvojnih zvjezdanih sustava. Ta metoda primjenjuje rutinu za razdvajanje kojom se izlučuje spektre zvijezda komponenata modela iz vremenskog niza opaženih složenih spektara. Usredotočujući se na razlike u pristupu pri izvedbi rutine za rastavljanje, uspoređujemo ograničenja koja iz njih proizlaze. Proveli smo ispitivanje s umjetnim podacima i zaključili da je rastavljanje u području valnih duljina svestranije u više pogleda, dok rastavljanje primjenom Fourierovog transformata dozvoljava rad s većim skupovima podataka, što je povoljno u potpunom procesu raspetljavanja složenih spektara