CARD15 Gene 3020insC Mutation with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Patients in the Black Sea Region of Turkey

BACKGROUND: The role of the CARD15 gene 3020insC frameshift mutation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) investigated without a definitive conclusion. The incidence of this mutation in Turkish patients with Crohn’s disease is not known.OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether the CARD15/NOD2 3020insC frameshift mutation is a risk factor for patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Black Sea Region population in Turkey.METHODS: We studied 3020insC mutation of CARD15/NOD2 gene by allele-specific multiplex PCR in 69 patients with IBD (18 Crohn’s disease [CD] and 51 ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 101 ethnically matched healthy controls.RESULTS: CARD15/NOD2 3020insC frameshift mutation was positive in 7/18 (38.8 %), 13/51 (25.5 %), and 4/101 (4 %) of CD, UC, and healthy control groups, respectively. None of the controls or patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis was homozygous for this mutations.CONCLUSION: This study is to investigate a relation between CARD15/NOD2 3020insC frameshift mutation and in patients with IBD in the Turkish Population. C-insertion frameshift mutation is a major contributor to the susceptibility to both CD and UC, but it is not specific to patients with CD in Turkish population

Genetic polymorphisms variants in interleukin-6 and interleukin-1beta patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in East Northern Turkey

Aim To investigate the relationship of IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine gene polymorphisms with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in 61 patients admitted to the neurology clinic in Kafkas University Hospital with insomnia problem who were diagnosed with OSAS in sleeping labs, and 80 healthy subjects not associated with the syndrome. Methods Blood samples were taken to isolate DNA from patients diagnosed with OSAS based on polysomnography results and healthy controls. DNA amplification of the genes was performed with PCR. Amplification products were cut with the restriction enzymes in order to determine IL-1 gene (TaqI) and IL-6 gene (Lwel) polymorphisms. The cut DNA fragments were carried out in agarose gel electrophoresis, and RFLP analysis was performed by utilizing the images with gel imaging system. PCR products were sequenced with an Applied Biosystems Automated Sequencer. Results Polymorphic changes were observed for IL-1β gene in 26 of 62 patients (41.9%), and 16 of the 80 (25.8%) in the control group. The incidence of polymorphic changes in IL-6 gene was in seen in seven (of the 62 patients) (11.3%), and in the 16 (20%) controls. Conclusion The findings on the genomic level in OSAS may provide an important contribution to diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in clinical practice, as well as it helps to obtain the results easily about environmental and genetic interaction of OSAS patients

Novel NHC precursors: synthesis, characterization, and carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties

Three series of imidazolidinium ligands (NHC precursors) substituted with 4-vinylbenzyl, 2-methyl-1,4-benzodioxane, and N-propylphthalimide were synthesized. N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors were prepared from N-alkylimidazoline and alkyl halides. The novel NHC precursors were characterized by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. The enzymes inhibition activities of the NHC precursors were investigated against the cytosolic human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes (hCA I and II) and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. The inhibition parameters (IC50 and K-i values) were calculated by spectrophotometric method. The inhibition constants (K-i) were found to be in the range of 166.65-635.38nM for hCA I, 78.79-246.17nM for hCA II, and 23.42-62.04nM for AChE. Also, the inhibitory effects of the novel synthesized NHCs were compared to acetazolamide as a clinical CA isoenzymes inhibitor and tacrine as a clinical cholinergic enzymes inhibitor

Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes XRCC2 and XRCC3 risk of gastric cancer in Turkey

We studied the prevalence of polymorphisms in genes XRCC2 and XRCC3 in stomach cancer patients who lived in North Eastern Turkey. A total of 61 cancer patients and 78 controls were included in this study. Single nucleotide changes were studied in XRCC2 and XRCC3 genes at locus Arg188His and Thr241Met. Blood samples were taken from the patients and controls, and DNA was isolated. The regions of interest were amplified using a polymerase chain reaction method. After amplification, we used restriction enzymes (HphI and NcoI) to digest the amplified product. Digested product was then run through gel electrophoresis. We identified changes in the nucleotides in these specific regions. It was found that the Arg188His polymorphism of the XRCC2 gene was about 39% (24 out of the 61) among cancer patients. However, only 15% (12 out of 78) of the control group indicated this polymorphism. We also observed that 18 of the 61 cancer patients (29%) carried the Thr241Met polymorphism of the XRCC3 gene whereas 11 of the 78 (14%) individuals in the control group had the polymorphism. Our results showed a significant difference in polymorphism ratios between the cancer patients and health control group for the regions of interest. This result clearly showed that these polymorphisms increase the risk of stomach cancer and might be a strong marker for early diagnosis of gastric cancer

Novel benzylic substituted imidazolinium, tetrahydropyrimidinium and tetrahydrodiazepinium salts: potent carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

The new imidazolinium, tetrahydropyrimidinium and tetrahydrodiazepinium salts were synthesized in good yield by the reaction of the corresponding N,N'-dialkylalkanediamine with triethyl orthoformate in the presence of ammonium chloride. All of the compounds were obtained, and spectroscopically characterized. The crystal structure for the 1,3-bis(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium chloride (5g) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The biological properties of all novel compounds were tested and the influence of ring size and benzylic N-substituents on the biological activities were examined. Also, they were found as effective inhibitors against cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms (hCA I and II), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Among these compounds, 1,3-bis(4-(1-piperidinyl)benzyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium chloride (5f) demonstrated the the best inhibition effects against hCA I, 1,3-bis(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium chloride (5g) demonstrated the the best inhibition effects against cytosolic hCA II isoenzyme. On the other hand, 1,3-Bis(4-methylthiobenzyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium chloride, (5e) demonstrated the the best inhibition effects against AChE enzyme