CORRESPONDENCE OF THE PUBLISHING HOUSE OF LATGALE CULTURE CENTRE IN THE 90TIES OF 20TH CENTURY: DISCOURSE OF LANGUAGE

Considering that at the moment we are working on a broader study about the Latgalian literary trends in modern times (since the 90s of the 20th century), policy determination of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre is an important stage in Latgalian publishing. Originally the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre brings together the brightest Latgalian writers, researchers and is the only centre of books published in Latgalian, but at the turn of the century due to various factors the situation changes. In this article correspondence of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre (1990–1997) is used as a source of research from copies of letters which are kept at the research centre of Baltic philology at Rēzekne Academy of Technologies (21 sets of letters with a 191 letters); an interview with the Head of the publishing house Jānis Elksnis and separate articles in periodicals on the activity of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre are sources of this research. The aim of this article is with the help of the mentioned correspondence and available documents to reveal the book publishing policy of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre, its role in Latgalian book publishing, as well as to focus attention on the understanding of the functionality of Latgalian language development in this correspondence and operating policies. Theoretical basis includes ideas of critical discourse analysis represented by Norman Fairclough (1995) and socio-cognitive approach represented by Teun van Dijk (2006), highlighting the role of discursive practices in creating stereotypes and influence of social identity on the creation of specific ideology.Existence of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre all this time, of course, is the merit of the dedication and enthusiasm of the head of the publishing house J. Elksnis. In literary critical terminology, we can say that all the time the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre is in a border situation: during the 90s of the 20th century there were a relatively large number of Latgalian writers and scientists, but the publishing, book distribution, marketing skills of the publishing house employees were negligible.This situation was more favourable for Latgalian literature and activity of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre in general during the first decade (1999–2008) of the 21st century: the total number of books published: 241; books published in Latgalian: 81; 5 of them published repeatedly. Throughout the period of existence of this publishing house (according to the available data) 562 books were published, 135 of them in Latgalian or bilingual editions (18 books published repeatedly).Analysis of the correspondence gives a possibility to understand why many problems connected to the Latgalian culture and language are being dealt with so slowly or continue to be unimportant and unknown to wider public.First, assessing the initial stage of activity of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre, it comes obvious that efforts of the non-governmental organizations, dedication and enthusiasm of individual personalities can explain or activate some process, but the solution of the problem or maintenance of a process in long term needs a broader institutional support and focused planning of publishing. On the one hand, the formally defined status of Latgalian “as a historical option of the Latvian language” does not create obstacles for the usage of Latgalian in further and optional education, publishing of books and periodicals and its usage in local municipalities. On the other hand, such status is like a throwback which is remembered about only during pre-election and in discourse on separatism and as a threat to the development of the Latvian literary language and as a tool for entertainment industry to create comical effect or contribute to the development of pop music in another region.Second, the internal disagreement, which emerged in the correspondence between freelancers and volunteers during the 90s, was mainly attributable to the language reform and divided the intellectuals who wrote and read in Latgalian, as a result of which most of elder generation authors protected catholic standards and stood up for the preservation of P. Strods’ writing and V. Locis’ traditions, as well as it was supported by the catholic church in their choice of language to print religious texts, and it was also adopted by the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre. Hence the main mission of the Publishing House of Latgale Culture Centre – to cultivate Latgalian language and develop literature – was functioning only in one direction (especially after the adoption of spelling rules in 2008) – maintenance of literary almanac “Olūts” and edition “Tāvu zemes calendars” and creating the background literature, which in fact promoted the so-called third dialect and prevented the young and middle generation from involvement in the development Latgalian cultural environment

THE DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS OF BIOLOGICAL BEEKEEPING

Beekeeping is an integral part of the European agricultural production. More than 620 000 beekeepers work in the beekeeping branch of the European Union. Beekeeping is recognised to be an activity, which has an essential significance in the sustainable development of the rural areas, in the job-creation, the conservation of the ecosystem’s biological diversity, and in the maintenance of ecological balance. The basic principle of biological beekeeping is the production of as natural produce as possible. The study uses the analytical method to explore the current situation in the biological beekeeping sector. The analytical and comparative method helped to identify the problematic issues concerning the implementation of the beekeeping process and support measures. To study different views on the problems of biological beekeeping, the following methods for interpretation of legal norms were used: grammatical, systemic, teleological, and historical. The inductive and deductive scientific research methods were used to draw conclusions regarding current normative regulations and to recommend possible solutions

FUNCTIONS OF PERSONAL NAMES IN LATEST LATVIAN POETRY

In the period of postmodern culture, a lot of importance is attributed to mythological thinking and to the decoding of myths and current cultural signs. Therefore, the use of „talking” personal names which are perceived symbolically becomes relevant. As semiotic research points out: „For the mythological conscience it is common to see the world as a book, where cognition equals reading, which is based on the mechanisms of decoding and identification”. (Lotmans, Uspenskis 1993: 35) That means that for a better comprehension of prose, also in postmodern texts one has to pay attention to the choice of personal names, their frequency, and the presence and characteristics of cultural connotations. Bearing in mind that features of postmodern texts are the disregard of genre borders and marginalism, it can hypothetically be assumed that similar attitudes towards the use of personal names can be found in poetry. However, considering both recent studies of personal names and of poetry, it is possible to conclude that poetry pays little attention to the studies of personal names. Personal names are not very common in poetic texts, and poets use them quite precautiously (unless they link it to the tendencies within postmodernism as mentioned above). The objective of this article is to describe the functionality of personal names in latest Latvian poetry. The methodological basis of the work was obtained by studying the works of semioticians (R. Jakobson, Y. Lotman, B. Uspenskiy, Y. Levin, etc,), using the practical experience of philological text analysis (O. Nikolina, J. Kazarin), as well as by studying the attitudes of particular authors towards personal names (V. Rudnev, P. Florensky, A. Losev, G. Frege). The sources for the research for this article were anthologies of four young poetesses who were born in the 1970s and made their debut at the turn of the century, from which anthroponyms where taken for description: Inga Gaile’s „Laiks bija iemīlējies” (Time was in love, 1999) and „Kūku Marija” (Pastry Maria, 2007), Andra Menfelde’s „tranšejas dievi rok” (Gods dig trenches, 2005), Liga Rundane’s „Leluos atlaidys” (Great absolution, 2004), and Agita Draguna’s „prāts” (Mind, 2004). When analyzing the expressions of personal name in these anthologies, and thereby looking for mutual interconnections both within one anthology and from a comparative angle, a cultural sight of the generation born in the 70s (or at least of the „reading” intellectual part of that generation) could be identified. It turns out that the frequency and the uniformity/diversity of the usage of personal names can reveal tendencies of a particular trend. Clear spatial and associative semantic borders are revealed in the poetry of Agita Draguna and Liga Rundane, although it should be mentioned that personal names are very rarely used in the poetry. In contrast, the poetry of Inga Gaile and Andra Manfelde features a diversity of personal names, a tendency of appellativization, and a variety of interpretations of personal names. In the poetry of L. Rundane and A. Draguna it is possible to distinguish groups of personal names which unequivocally reveal the existence of their worlds, and mark the values of the lyrics. In the poetry of these authors two groups of personal names can be distinguished: 1) Poets: Andryvs Yurdzhs, Rainis, Oskars Seiksts (in the poetry of L. Rundane), Anthony McCann, Fjodor Tjutchev, Omar Hayam, Arseny Tarkovsky (in the poetry of A. Draguna) 2) Mythical characters: Shiva, Isida, Zuhra, Djemshid (in the poetry of A. Draguna), Virgin Mary (Jumprova Marija, in the poetry of L. Rundane). In the poetry of L. Rundane, one’s world has a Latgalian identity. In contrast, in the poetry of A. Draguna the world is more sought for, whereas one’s values seem to come from Eastern concepts of the mind and the meaning of a human life. In the poetry of I. Gaile and A. Manfelde the use of a personal name is aimed at: - marking one’s space, but unlike in the poetry of the authors mentioned above, it is full of doubts and controversies not only on the emotional level, but also regarding the values that one is looking for. Therefore personal names serve to reveal these controversies, not just to acknowledge one’s space; - a self-extinguishment of personal names and their change into simulacra, - or the process of mythologization of everyday life. It can be concluded that the limited use of personal names, of separate names, and of phrases which start with a capital letter, such as the lack of persistence in changing pronouns and generic names into the status of personal names (Miracle, You, Father of Noise, etc), proves the intensity of the perception of the mythical world, an expression paradigm common for postmodernism. (L. Rundane, A. Draguna). The relatively free and manifold use of personal names, their changes into generic names (contextual appellativization), the quest for general notions (lexical meanings), and the desire to create them (Barbie, harlequin, Aivazovsky, Lennon, Tanya, etc.) on the one hand create sumulacra, and on the other hand emphasize a mythologization of everyday life and the possibilities of its use in literary texts (through the use of figures or palimpsests)

DIGITAL SKILLS FOR EDUCATORS AND PARENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF HIGH - QUALITY EDUCATION

The purpose of the research is to identify commonalities and possible differences in the assessment of educators’ and parents’ attitudes towards digital technologies, reasons for their usage, and identify motivation to improve their digital skills. The study is built on research activities and there are used both theoretical and empirical methods. Quantitative methods in the form of questionnaires are used during the study. The researcher is more important to identify precedents and learn about the character of educators’ and parents’ attitudes. Dinamic environment for teaching should be supported by positive attitude to tehnologies. The statistical programme used for the analyses and presentation of data in this research is the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). In conclusion: the results from this study will be used to support interesting directions for future research in the context of higt –quility education.

THE SOCIAL ASSISTENCE FOR STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The purpose of the resarch is to exploring opportunities for students to receive social assistance from the state and local government in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. Both theoretical and empirical research methods were used in this study. State social assistance to students would be expected by providing material support for the purchase of computer equipment. Municipal social assistance is expected both in the form of a crisis benefit and indirectly by supporting the student's family if it enters the status of a poor or low-income family

PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES ALLOW STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES TO DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND THEMSELVES

The research problem was to find answer to the question: how did the role of practical tasks and activities in the education of students with moderate/severe disabilities is an important one. A review of current and past theories of cognitive development focusing on the role of experiential learning because for today’s students with disabilities there is a stronger emphasis on practical skills and motor skills development opportunities than on traditional learning approaches. Home Economics and Its Technologies is one of the subjects in today’s curriculum where time is allocated to activity-based learning and experiences. Occupational therapy has a positive effect on the child’s psyche, helps to manage and organise the child’s impulses, renews and promotes appropriate work habits, helps organise his/her activities and reduces the child’s focus on his/her own shortcomings or disabilities

LATGALĪŠU VOLŪDA IZGLEITEIBĀ I ZYNUOTNĒ (PIEC 2008. GODA)

Latgalīšu volūdys statuss i funkcionalitate vys vēļ ir diskuseju vaicuojums Latvejis Republikā. Atguodynuojumam nazcik faktu: 1) 2008. goda 19.–20. septembrī Sanktpīterburgā nūtyka 1. storptautyskuo latgalistikys konfereņce, kurā vīnovuos par termina latgalīšu literaruo volūda lītuošonu, 2) 2009. godā izguoja divi pietejumi: Heiko F. Marten, Ilga Šuplinska, Sanita Lazdiņa „Latgalian. The Latgalian language in education in Latvia“ (http://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/dossiers_pdf/090603.regional_dossier_latgalian_in_latvia.pdf) i I. Šuplinska, S. Lazdiņa (sak.) „Valodas Austrumlatvijā: pētījuma dati un rezultāti“, kas ļuove 2. latgalistikys konfereņcē Rēzeknē pījimt rezoluceju ar praseibu izveiduot dorba grupu latgalīšu volūdys kai regionaluos volūdys statusa izviertiešonai, 3) 2010. goda 18. janvarī pīškierts individualais kods latgalīšu volūdai LTG (storptautyskuo standarta ISO639-3 uzturiešonys atbiļdeiguo instituceja „SIL International“ nūsoka, ka latvīšu literaruos volūdys kods ir LVS, bet latvīšu volūdys kods, kas ījam obejis latvīšu rokstu tradicejis ci mikrovolūdys, ir LV, 4) Latgolys lingvoteritorialuos vuordineicys izdūšona i enciklopediskuo izdavuma „Ausmas zeme“ sagatavuošona (2012), pastreipojūt inkulturacejai svareigus procesus i guodojūt par latgalīša pošapzinis ceļšonu, 5) 3. pasauļa latgalīšu konfereņce (2012), kurys rezolucejā ir punkts par nūvodvuiceibu i programu puorsavieršonu cytūs prīškmatūs latgalistikys vaicuojumu aktualiziešonai, 6) nūvodvuiceibys īdzeivynuošona Rēzeknis piļsātys školuos ar pošvaļdeibys finansialu atbolstu (2013). Taidā veidā vairuoku godu garumā teik īzeimātys pamata problemys i maklāti rysynuojumi latgalīšu volūdys izmontuojumam izgleiteibā i zynuotnē. Prīšklasejumā analizāti vairuoki volūdys diskursi, kas saisteiti ar sabīdreibys izgleituošonu, medeju politikys pastyprynuošonu i normativūs dokumentu izstruodi, kas ļautu latgalīšu literarū volūdu lītuot na tik sātā i īrūbežuotā skaitā školu, a daudz plotuok lītiskajā sferā i dorbvedeibā

PUBLIC CONTRACTS

Public law contracts are used as a means for regulating administrative legal relationships. Understanding the form of public administration activities - public contracts - has evolved considerably in the recent years, however there is still a lack of clarity about the application of public law contracts, their distinguishing, contract components. The study updates the most well-known public law contract: aspects of mutual use and distinguishing between the administrative contract, co-operation contract, participation contract and the delegation contract. For the purpose of the use of the contracts, it is suggested to distinguish between the purpose of the use of public law contracts, their subject-matter, the overall nature of the contract and the main points to be included in the contracts