Centrális energetikai leptin hatások életkor- és tápláltsági állapot-függő eltérései

Abnormalities of energy balance present major public health problems with rapidly increasing prevalence. They include changes of body weight (BW) and/or body composition. Obesity is defined as excessive accumulation of body fat, while wasting disorders are characterized by progressive loss of BW, especially that of muscle mass. During aging two common tendencies are observed: middle-aged people tend to gain weight and develop obesity, while at old age, anorexia (loss of appetite) with a consequent cachexia and progressive muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) develops. As population aging became a global phenomenon, the impact of middle-age obesity and aging anorexia is enormous. Moreover, obesity appears to accelerate aging and age-related degenerative processes (e.g. muscle atrophy, neurodegeneration). Age-related changes can be observed not only in humans, but also in other mammals suggesting the contribution of altered basic regulatory mechanisms, in addition to environmental factors (e.g. increasingly sedentary lifestyle and imbalanced dietary choices). One of the common features of aging and obesity is a dysregulation of energy homeostasis. Such dysregulation involves resistance to different regulatory peptide hormones, e.g. leptin or insulin, leading to abnormalities of BW and/or body composition. As both types of body composition changes increase the risk of morbidity and mortality, investigation of regulatory alterations that develop in obesity or during the course of aging is of outstanding importance

A pars petrosa cholesteatomák korszerű ellátása : Pécsi tapasztalatok

A pars petrosa cholesteatoma egy lassan növekvő, a temporalis csontot roncsoló, elhúzódóan tünetmentes kórkép. A diagnózis felállítása gyakran késlekedik, hiszen ritka volta miatt még a tapasztalt klinikusok sem gondolnak rá idő- ben. A végső diagnózist jellemzően számos eredménytelen középfülsebészeti beavatkozás előzi meg. A modern radi- ológiai módszerek nemcsak a diagnózist, hanem a betegek hosszú távú követését is lehetővé teszik. Retrospektív klinikai tanulmányunkban a pars petrosa cholesteatomák sikeres műtéti kezelésére kívánjuk felhívni a figyelmet, hazai beteganyagon első alkalommal elemezve a műtéti megoldások eredményességét. Kezdeti tapasztalatainkat a nemzet- közi irodalomból nyerhető adatokkal hasonlítottuk össze. 2015 januárja és 2020 januárja között 6 beteget (4 férfi, 2 nő) kezeltünk különböző lokalizációjú pars petrosa cholesteatomával. Valamennyi beteg a cholesteatoma lokalizáci- ójának megfelelő agyalapi sebészeti beavatkozáson esett át. A betegek átlagos követési ideje 2,7 év volt. A betegek átlagéletkora 47 év volt. A leggyakoribb panaszok a halláscsökkenés, gennyes fülfolyás, szédülés, fülzúgás voltak. Egy beteg már a felvételekor a komplett facialis paralysis tüneteit mutatta. A Sanna-féle osztályozás szerint 2-2 bete- günk szenvedett supralabyrinthaer, illetve apicalis, 1-1 beteg pedig masszív, illetve infralabyrinthaer pars petrosa cholesteatomában. Komplikáció sem a peri-, sem a posztoperatív időszakban nem fordult elő. Egy betegnél észleltük a residualis betegség radiológiai jeleit. A pars petrosa cholesteatoma diagnózisa és terápiája komoly nehézséget jelent még a tapasztalt klinikusok számára is. A korai diagnózist a nem jellegzetes tünettan ismerete és a modern képalkotó modalitások teszik lehetővé. A sziklacsontot roncsoló patológiás folyamat eltávolítására korszerű agyalapi sebészeti módszerek állnak rendelkezésre. Ezek a műtétek napjainkban kombinálhatók a modern hallásrehabilitációs módsze- rekkel

Gender difference in the effects of interleukin-6 on grip strength - a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Aging sarcopenia characterized by low muscle mass with low muscle strength affects men and women differently. The contribution of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to sarcopenia has been suggested based on a negative correlation between plasma IL-6 and muscle function described by some studies. However, no consensus regarding clinically relevant cut-off criteria has been reached. Another question arises whether pooling male and female data is an accurate way to determine the predictive value of IL-6 in sarcopenia. The present meta-analysis was designed to assess: (1) whether plasma IL-6 in aged populations in fact correlates negatively to muscle strength; (2) whether such a correlation exists both in men and in women; and (3) whether plasma IL-6 shows a gender difference in old age. METHODS: We applied the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA). We searched PubMed and Embase for papers that reported data on individuals over 65 without inflammatory diseases. We extracted either separate male and female data on plasma IL-6 along with at least one muscle parameter or correlation coefficient between plasma IL-6 and these parameters. Random effect models calculated with DerSimonian and Laird weighting methods were applied to analyze correlation coefficients and gender difference in plasma IL-6. Egger's test was used to assess the small study effect. RESULTS: Twenty articles out of 468 records identified were suitable for analyses. Plasma IL-6 correlates negatively with grip strength in mixed populations and also separately in men [- 0.25 with 95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.48, - 0.02] and in women (- 0.14 with 95% CI: - 0.24, - 0.03). However, contrary to expectations, men with better muscle condition have higher plasma IL-6 than women of similar age with worse muscle condition (plasma IL-6 male-female difference: 0.25 pg/mL with 95% CI: 0.15, 0.35). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that a higher predictive IL-6 cut-off level should be determined for aging sarcopenia in men than in women

Ultrafiltration is better than diuretic therapy for volume-overloaded acute heart failure patients: a meta-analysis

Studies on the effectiveness of ultrafiltration (UF) in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) have led to heterogeneous study outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of UF therapy in ADHF patients. We searched the medical literature to identify well-designed studies comparing UF with the usual diuretic therapy in this setting. Systematic evaluation of 8 randomized controlled trials enrolling 801 participants showed greater fluid removal (difference in means 1372.5 mL, 95% CI 849.6 to 1895.4 mL; p < 0.001), weight loss (difference in means 1.592 kg, 95% CI 1.039 to 2.144 kg; p < 0.001) and lower incidences of worsening heart failure (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.94, p = 0.022) and rehospitalization for heart failure (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.82, p = 0.003) without a difference in renal impairment (OR 1.386, 95% CI 0.870 to 2.209; p = 0.169) or all-cause mortality (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.71, p = 0.546). UF increases fluid removal and weight loss and reduces rehospitalization and the risk of worsening heart failure in congestive patients, suggesting ultrafiltration as a safe and effective treatment option for volume-overloaded heart failure patients

In middle-aged and old obese patients, training intervention reduces leptin level: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Leptin is one of the major adipokines in obesity that indicates the severity of fat accumulation. It is also an important etiological factor of consequent cardiometabolic and autoimmune disorders. Aging has been demonstrated to aggravate obesity and to induce leptin resistance and hyperleptinemia. Hyperleptinemia, on the other hand, may promote the development of age-related abnormalities. While major weight loss has been demonstrated to ameliorate hyperleptinemia, obese people show a poor tendency to achieve lasting success in this field. The question arises whether training intervention per se is able to reduce the level of this adipokine. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to review the literature on the effects of training intervention on peripheral leptin level in obesity during aging, in order to evaluate the independent efficacy of this method. In the studies that were included in our analysis, changes of adiponectin levels (when present) were also evaluated. DATA SOURCES: 3481 records were identified through searching of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library Database. Altogether 19 articles were suitable for analyses. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Empirical research papers were eligible provided that they reported data of middle-aged or older (above 45 years of age) overweight or obese (body mass index above 25) individuals and included physical training intervention or at least fitness status of groups together with corresponding blood leptin values. STATISTICAL METHODS: We used random effect models in each of the meta-analyses calculating with the DerSimonian and Laird weighting methods. I-squared indicator and Q test were performed to assess heterogeneity. To assess publication bias Egger's test was applied. In case of significant publication bias, the Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill algorithm was used. RESULTS: Training intervention leads to a decrease in leptin level of middle-aged or older, overweight or obese male and female groups, even without major weight loss, indicated by unchanged serum adiponectin levels. Resistance training appears to be more efficient in reducing blood leptin level than aerobic training alone. CONCLUSIONS: Physical training, especially resistance training successfully reduces hyperleptinemia even without diet or major weight loss

Perceived stress correlates with visceral obesity and lipid parameters of the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta- analysis

Background: Perceived stress has been proposed as a risk factor of metabolic syndrome. However, correlations between perceived stress and parameters of the metabolic syndrome have not been properly analyzed despite extensive research data on the topic. Our current meta-analysis aimed to examine the mutual association between perceived stress of patients and parameters of metabolic syndrome. Methods: This systematic review has been registered on the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42017055293). Eligible studies divided participants based on their stress level or on the presence of metabolic syndrome. They reported at least one parameter of the metabolic syndrome or the stress level of the participants measured with some stress scale. Data from 17 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included. Random effects model with the DerSimonian and Laird weighting methods was applied. I-squared indicator and Q test were performed to assess heterogeneity. Results: Although the majority of individual studies failed to demonstrate correlations between stress and their analyzed parameters of metabolic syndrome, our meta-analysis showed a significant association between stress and BMI [average effect size (ES) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI), ES = 0.65, 95%CI 0.16, 1.14), waist circumference (ES = 1.84 cm, 95%CI 0.79, 2.89) and serum triglyceride level (ES = 7.52 mg/dl, 95%CI 0.07, 14.96). Additional analysis confirmed effects of stress on serum HDL (ES = -1.699 mg/dl, 95%CI -2.966, -0.432) and diastolic blood pressure (ES = 1.04 mmHg, 95%CI 0.18, 1.89). No correlations were found for fasting glucose or systolic blood pressure. No association between metabolic syndrome and stress level of patients was detected either. Conclusion: The potentially key role of visceral obesity in the association between perceived stress and dyslipidemia or diastolic blood pressure are discussed together with potential moderators (e.g. gender-differences, variations in stress assessment and metabolic syndrome criteria) that may explain the inconsistent, contradictory results of the individual studies

Therapeutic whole-body hypothermia reduces mortality in severe traumatic brain injury if the cooling index is sufficiently high: meta-analyses of the effect of single cooling parameters and their integrated measure

Therapeutic hypothermia was investigated repeatedly as a tool to improve the outcome of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), but previous clinical trials and meta-analyses found contradictory results. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of therapeutic whole-body hypothermia on the mortality of adult patients with severe TBI by using a novel approach of meta-analysis. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to February 2017. The identified human studies were evaluated regarding statistical, clinical, and methodological designs to ensure inter-study homogeneity. We extracted data on TBI severity, body temperature, mortality, and cooling parameters; then we calculated the cooling index, an integrated measure of therapeutic hypothermia. Forest plot of all identified studies showed no difference in the outcome of TBI between cooled and not cooled patients, but inter-study heterogeneity was high. On the contrary, by meta-analysis of RCTs which were homogenous with regards to statistical, clinical designs and precisely reported the cooling protocol, we showed decreased odds ratio for mortality in therapeutic hypothermia compared to no cooling. As independent factors, milder and longer cooling, and rewarming at < 0.25 degrees C/h were associated with better outcome. Therapeutic hypothermia was beneficial only if the cooling index (measure of combination of cooling parameters) was sufficiently high. We conclude that high methodological and statistical inter-study heterogeneity could underlie the contradictory results obtained in previous studies. By analyzing methodologically homogenous studies, we show that cooling improves the outcome of severe TBI and this beneficial effect depends on certain cooling parameters and on their integrated measure, the cooling index