DOSTOPNOST KOT NEPREJUDICIRANI PRISTOP: ALI SE KULTURA VRAČA V NORMALNO STANJE?

This research explores the general and actual accessibility to cultural spaces and organizations, focusing on the network of relationships between contents, innovation, and participation. It investigates how Culture can be perceived as a normal experience, actually able to set a rich dialogue with each of us, normal ordinary people/consumers. Normality means inclusion and sharing. The proposed investigation is based on a triad of interactions among culture, economics, and design. Assuming that Culture generates its value from a cognitive approach, or from a dynamic and context-dependent value chain that is subject to a cognitive evolution, this research acknowledges that the cultural experience is subject to a double issue of access: - The horizontal question is related to complications associated with the structure. Believing that ‘culture is special’ implies the risk of progressively widening the gap between cultural supply and society. Culture is ‘locked’ in specific sites and a big slice of the world’s adult population has yet to be involved in any cultural experience. - Once physically inside the cultural structure, the vertical issue is generated by the difficulty in entering in contact with the offered contents. This research focuses only on museums and multimedia exhibitions in which the learning process has changed: the research presents itself as a conversation where both ‘those who know’ and ‘those who learn’ play equally active parts in a relative process of understanding. Starting from the existing processes, forms, previous studies and case studies, the survey yearns for their systematization in innovative models. The process, from theory to practice and vice versa, goes beyond a traditional mechanism of deduction: it moves from specific contexts to the abstraction of replicable approaches. The question of how the narration emerges guides you toward a new method of analysis, study, and cataloguinga schematization capable of investigating not only knowledge, but also the visitor\u27s ‘cognitive metabolism’ (how knowledge is acquired) during the multimedia experiencean innovative multipurpose tool, useful for both the museum institution and the designer. The research finally assesses and takes into account an actual experiment, the outcomes of which may prove to be useful in feeding theoretical implications with empirical experiences: RovelloDue - Piccolo Spazio Politecnico, a temporary multimedia space.Ta raziskava raziskuje splošno in dejansko dostopnost kulturnih prostorov in organizacij, s poudarkom na mreži odnosov med vsebino, inovacijami in udeležbo. Raziskuje, kako je mogoče kulturo zaznati kot normalno doživetje, ki lahko dejansko omogoča bogat dialog z vsakim od nas, običajnimi navadnimi ljudmi/potrošniki. Normalnost pomeni vključitev in delitev. Predlagana raziskava temelji na triadi interakcij med kulturo, ekonomijo in oblikovanjem. Ob predpostavki, da kultura ustvarja svojo vrednoto s kognitivnim pristopom ali iz dinamične in kontekstno odvisne verige vrednot, ki je predmet kognitivnega razvoja, ta raziskava potrjuje, da je kulturna izkušnja podvržena dvojnemu vprašanju dostopa: - Horizontalno vprašanje je povezano s komplikacijami, povezanimi s strukturo. V prepričanju, da je "kultura posebna", se razkorak med kulturno ponudbo in družbo postopoma povečava. Kultura je "zaklenjena" na določenih lokacijah, velik del svetovnega odraslega prebivalstva pa še ni vpleten v kakršne koli kulturne izkušnje. - Vertikalno vprašanje nastane, fizično znotraj kulturne strukture, zaradi težav pri vstopu v stik z ponujeno vsebino. Ta raziskava se osredotoča le na muzeje in multimedijske razstave, v katerih se je učni proces spremenil: raziskava se predstavlja kot pogovor, kjer tako "tisti, ki vedo" kot "tisti, ki se učijo" igrajo enako aktivne vloge v relativnem procesu razumevanja. - Na podlagi obstoječih procesov, oblik, predhodnjih študijah in študijskih primerov in sistematizaciji le teh, je cilj raziskave oblikovanje inovativnoih modelov. Proces, od teorije do prakse in obratno, presega tradicionalni mehanizem dedukcije: prehaja iz posebnih kontekstov v abstrakcijo ponavljajočih se pristopov. Vprašanje, kako naracija nastaja, nas vodi v novo metodo analize, študije in katalogizacijeshematizacija, ki lahko preizkuša ne le znanje, ampak tudi obiskovalčev "kognitivni metabolizem" (kako se pridobiva znanje) med multimedijskimi izkušnjamiinovativno večnamensko orodje, uporabno tako za muzejsko institucijokot za oblikovalca. Poleg tega raziskava ocenjuje in upošteva dejanski eksperiment, katerega rezultati so koristni za krepitev teoretičnih posledicpreko empiričnih izkušenj: RovelloDue - Piccolo Spazio Politecnico, začasni multimedijski prostor

DIGITAL CULTURE AND SOCIETY Filters and recommended doses CULTURA E SOCIETÀ DIGITALE Filtri e dosi raccomandate

Il libro scardina alcune convinzioni diffuse sul significato di cultura e sul suo consumo. Supera gli assolutismi, a favore o contro l’introduzione del digitale nei musei, e invita a modulare la dimensione tecnologica con prontezza e lucidità.This book challenges some widespread beliefs about the meaning of culture and how it is consumed. It dispels wholeheartedly approaches, for or against the introduction of digital devices in museums, and invites us to judiciously use/modulate/ the technology dimension

Museum, Human Archive, and Technologies: Digital Serving Oral Culture

In a museum, digital technology can strongly influence the perceived experience, the content creation and transmission, and the environment or visitor actions. However, we wonder whether it is always appropriate to introduce it and how, as well as wondering when technologies are actually able to contribute to the extraction of cultural value. This article, aware that the digital dimension should not compensate for the lack of content but rather help in conveying it, highlights the key role of technology in the staging, storage, and transmission of intangible heritage with a particular focus on the culture of orality. Far from the abstractionism of pure theoretical reflection, a concrete example is here examined, highlighting the backstories of the design. “Made with Care” is the multimedia exhibition organized in the new Kohelr museum in Reggio Emilia to keep the immense human heritage of the company alive, usable, and enduring. A direct experience in the design and production of this multimedia exhibit enables us to deal with the main topic in a systematic and concrete way, testing in the real dimension the sharp intuitions of theory

Museo e Design alimentano processi di comprensione. Si incontrano e favoriscono l’incontro

Negli ultimi anni, il Museo ha cambiato la sua funzione per la città e di conseguenza le sue modalità̀ di produzione di valore. Non si limita più̀ alla conservazione degli oggetti. Cerca di condividerli ed interpretarli continuamente. È diventato dispositivo di attrazione, alimenta processi di comprensione; il luogo dell'incontro e delle relazioni tra il visitatore e la collezione e tra il visitatore e gli altri visitatori. Tale evoluzione investe inevitabilmente altre pratiche disciplinari connesse al museo stesso. Il design è diventato un attore fondamentale, per la progettazione dell'esperienza del visitatore all'interno (ed esterno) del museo su diversi livelli, di cui quello delle esposizioni e percorso di visita è un esempio. Il presente lavoro intende proporre un’interpretazione delle pratiche emergenti in cui il consumo culturale museale può essere concepito come una molteplicità di incontri e narrazioni. L’argomentazione procede secondo l’individuazione di due aree in cui l’attività interdisciplinare di design e museo, cooperanti con rinnovata sinergia, ruota attorno al valore e all’ unicità della persona. Nell'ottica della conversazione, il design organizza il percorso di visita, sia temporaneo che permanente, in installazioni (momenti di contatto tra visitatore e contenuto o tra visitatore ed esperienza) puntuali, generando una narrazione che, seppur nella medesima storia, può apparire del tutto personale e costituirsi diversamente di volta in volta. Internamente al museo, il consumo culturale instaura dinamiche di scelta e di espressione di preferenza da parte del visitatore. Esternamente, cioè fuori dal museo stesso, che si fa dispositivo poroso nei confronti della città, il contenuto esce dai suoi limiti perimetrali e fisici e incontra non più esclusivamente il visitatore ma il passante, con dinamiche incidentali e informali. In entrambi i casi una fruttuosa e curiosa relazione bilaterale si genera

Invisible Art: Redrawing the Map of Contemporary Art in Milan

The article examines the contradictory features of art localization and accessibility in the metropolitan area of Milan, Italy. Economic growth often generates and sharpens new inequalities whose most evident symptom in cities is the increasing distance between the central areas and the suburban patchwork. Commuting workers prevail in the center, and residents crowd the suburbs. Nevertheless, works of art and cultural actions are concentrated in the center, widening the gap between social groups. Paradoxically, many works of art from museums endowments and private collections are locked in deposits and are therefore inaccessible even in the central areas. Thus, the cultural, commercial, and social maps of Milan prove contradictory and inconsistent. The study aims to understand the relationship between the contemporary art collections and the dynamics of urban life in Milan. The theoretical framework has its starting point in the tensions between conservation and enjoyment of artistic heritage and their legal implications, on which basis a database of contemporary art collections in Milan has been developed and translated into maps and eventually compared with the cultural urban fabric of the city. The analysis highlights the inconsistency of the maps that reflect a social loss, being the life of residents and the local economy detached from the contemporary art offer. The article explores the features of this dilemma, proposes a possible strategic outcome, and suggests guidelines for municipal action aimed at supporting its material realization and facilitating a more equilibrated presence of works of art, projects, and actions within the metropolitan framework

A serological investigation in Southern Italy: was SARS-CoV-2 circulating in late 2019?

In March 2020, the first pandemic caused by a coronavirus was declared by the World Health Organization. Italy was one of the first and most severely affected countries, particularly the northern part of the country. The latest evidence suggests that the virus could have been circulating, at least in Italy, before the first autochthonous SARS-COV-2 case was detected in February 2020. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in human serum samples collected in the last months of 2019 (September–December) in the Apulia region, Southern Italy. Eight of 455 samples tested proved positive on in-house receptor-binding-domain-based ELISA. Given the month of collection of the positive samples, these findings may indicate early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in Apulia region in the autumn of 2019. However, it cannot be completely ruled out that the observed sero-reactivity could be an unknown antigen specificity in another virus to which subjects were exposed containing an epitope adventitiously cross-reactive with an epitope of SARS-CoV-2

Air pollution as a contributor to the inflammatory activity of multiple sclerosis

Objective: Air pollution has been recently identified as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. Aim of this study was to investigate the immunological mechanism underlying the clinical association between air pollution, namely exposure to particulate matter 10 (PM10), and inflammatory activity of multiple sclerosis (MS) METHODS: Daily recording of PM10 was obtained by monitors depending on the residence of subjects. Expression of molecules involved in activation, adhesion, and migration of T lymphocytes were tested by flow cytometry in 57 MS patients and 19 healthy controls. We next assessed in vitro the effect of PM10 on expression of C-C chemokine receptors 6 (CCR6) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), on cytokine production by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mdDC), and on T cell polarization in PBMC/mdDC mixed cultures. Results: We identified a significant correlation between mean PM10 levels and expression of CCR6 CD4+ T circulating cells in MS patients. This was paralleled by the observation in vitro of a higher level of CCR6 expression on PBMC following treatment with increased doses of particulate matter. Moreover, in mdDC cultures, particulate matter induced the secretion by mdDC of Th17 polarizing IL1 beta, IL6, and IL23 and, in mdDC/PBMC mixed cultures, enhanced generation of IL17-producing T cells. Conclusions: Ex vivo and in vitro studies support the pro-inflammatory role of PM in MS, by upregulating expression of CCR6 on circulating CD4+ T cells and inducing in innate immune cells the production of Th17 polarizing cytokines. Therefore, we speculate that in MS respiratory exposure to PM10 may induce the production in the lung of autoreactive Th17 lymphocytes and boost their migratory properties through the blood-brain barrier