Fungal Diversity In And Around Termite Mound, Mound Material Analysis, And Response Of Subterranean Termite, Globitermes Sulphureus (Haviland) (Blattodea: Termitidae) To Fungi

Nowadays, many researchers are trying to develop biological control methods using fungi to control insect pests including termites. This study explored the termite-fungus relationship using Globitermes sulphureus (Haviland) as the model species. Isolation, purification and identification of fungi diversity in termite mounds of G. sulphureus werw carried out. These followed by introducing the fungus to termite and identified the termite interaction with the fungus. Further analysis of termite nest carton showed fungi diversity of G. sulphureus’ mound. Preliminary study found 24 species of fungus that were isolated and purified from ten different locations of G. sulphureus’ mound. Trichoderma sp., Aspergilus sp., and Penicillium sp. are the fungal that are commonly encountered in termite mounds. It is revealed that termite practice symbiont relationship with the five species of soil fungi that has been found with them. Lastly, the anti fungal test from G. sulphureus’ gut showed that they have anti fungal compound since it has the ability to inhibit the growth of fungus, shown by the formation of a clear zone surrounding the termite’s gut

Resistance of Chip Block Pallet from Teak Wood Particle against Decay Fungi and Subterranean Termites

Wood biomass such as sawdust, particles, and chip obtained wood industry can be used as raw material for chip block pallets (CBP). This study evaluated the resistance of chip block pallets made from teak-sawn waste and polyurethane adhesive against decay fungi (white-rot and brown-rot fungi) and subterranean termites. The CBPs with dimensions of 9 × 9 × 9 cm and a target density of 0.6 g/cm3 were cold pressed at 9.8 MPa for 4 h using several polyurethane concentrations and composition of particle sizes. The termite and decay resistance tests were conducted following JIS K 1571 2004. The results showed that CBP treated with different polyurethane concentrations and composition of particle sizes was resistant to subterranean termite attacks. However, the CBP manufactured were not resistant to white-rot and brown-rot fungi attacks, showing more than 3% mass loss percentage. Considering the efficiency of polyurethane use, the study suggested the best content for using polyurethane in the manufacture of CBP is 4.5% with a particle size composition of 50 (4-14 mesh): 50 (> 60 mesh). Keywords: Biodeterioration, chip block pallet, polyurethane, teak wood particle

日本におけるシロアリ外部寄生菌 : 分布、感染率および分子生物学的検出法

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第21156号農博第2282号新制||農||1059(附属図書館)学位論文||H30||N5130(農学部図書室)京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻(主査)教授 吉村 剛, 教授 杉山 淳司, 教授 本田 与一学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Enzim Jamur Humicola sp. Sebagai Biotermitisida Utilization of Humicola sp. Enzyme Extract as Biotermiticide

Fungal spore can be used for biotermiticide, since it has high pathogen properties and environmentally safe. However, the utilization of enzyme extract of fungi can be developed as an alternative way to minimize the impact caused by the spore when they are used as biotermiticide. This research was done to observe the ability of enzyme extract from Humicola sp. The fungus was inoculated in sorghum substrate and grown in it by adding either colloidal chitin or without colloidal chitin to the media as variation of the medium composition. Extraction was done after 3, 5, and 7 days of incubation time. Extract was done by using cold sterilized water (40C). Then the extract kept it at low temperature (40C). Bioassay of extract enzyme was done by spraying and baiting method. Result of the bioassay showed, Humicola sp enzyme extract was grown from medium adding with colloidal chitin and incubation for 7 days give highest mortality of termite increase to 100% after 14th day observation.

Insecticide Activity of Cerbera Manghas Fruit Exstract to Sitophilus Oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

It was informed that the fruit extract of Cerbera manghas has antitermic and bio-larvicidal activities. The objective of this research is to study the effect of Cebera manghas fruit extracts on the mortality of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Dried sample of C. manghas fruit was milled and then extracted with maceration method using methanol. Crude extract was then dried and fractioned into 2 fractions i.e. n-Hexane and ethyl acetate. Three concentration of extracts (i.e. 3, 5, and 7.5%) were applied for bioassay test in the difference baited time (i.e. 30 min, 1 h, and 3 h). The results indicated that n-hexane fraction of C. manghas fruit extract was the most active fraction and it was indicated by the highest mortality of S. oryzae at all concentration. The longer the baited time resulted the higher the mortality of S. oryzae

Pengaruh Ekstrak Bintaro (Carbera odollam Gaertn) dan Kecubung (Brugmansia candida Pers) terhadap Rayap Tanah Coptotermes sp Influence of Bintaro (Carbera odollam Gaertn) and Kecubung (Brugmansia candida Pers) Extract against Subterranean Termite Coptotermes sp

Subterranean termite especially Coptotermes sp has been spread widely and has caused a tremendous economical loss. Various chemical compounds have been used to overcome termite attack. However, utilization of chemical could endanger the environment, thus it is important to find another compound which can be used as an environmental friendly wood preservatives. One of the alternatives is to extract natural compound which has an anti-insect peculiarity. Fruits, leaves and barks of Bintaro and Kecubung, especially their leaves and flowers have been widely known as traditional medicine. This paper explains the effects of the extracts of Bintaro (leaves and bark) and Kecubung (leaves) on subterranean termite of Coptotermes sp.Leaves and bark powder of Bintaro and leaves powder of Kecubung were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. Paper disc which has been dropped by the extract solution was used as bait to subterranean termite of Coptotermes sp. The observation of termite mortality was calculated for every two days during 10 days of observation. The result shows that Bintaro leaves extracted with methanol caused 100% termite mortality on last observation. Whereas on Bintaro bark extracted with n-hexane and acetone caused 100% termite mortality on eighth day of the treatment. Kecubung leaves extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate caused 100% termite mortality on last observatio