Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of the Oral Mucosa and Its Microvasculature: A Review of the Palatine Mucosa and Its Microvascular Architecture in Mammals

The present paper deals with the microvascular architecture of the palatine mucosa in primates, camivorae, and rodentia utilizing microvascular corrosion castings and epithelium-separated specimens. The submucous vascular network is under-developed since the bard palatine mucosa was designated the mucoperiosteum, except some areas. The palatine venous plexus appears to show regional differences with animal species differences. The well-developed plexus is observed to be two-layered and may contribute to the process of regurgitation of rough food and assist in mastication with the palatine plicae. Formation and patterns of the arterial network in the lamina propria are in a close relation with connective tissue elements. The subepithelial capillary network constitutes an advanced base for the ascending crus of the capillary loop and its pattern is affected by the properties of the connective tissue papillae and the diverging fashion of the capillary loops. Capillary loops of the transverse palatine plica are arranged parallel to the sagittal axis and at right angles to the top line of each plica. Features of the capillary loops are characteristics in the top, the anterior and posterior slopes of the plica, respectively. High connective tissue papillae in both the anterior slope and plical top may be of a resistant form for mollifying exhaustion, affected by the periodicity and mastication function. Although it is difficult to elucidate the lamination of the palatine mucosa in histological slides, it was resolved by examination on its vascular architectures

Analisis Optimasi Kinerja Quality Of Service pada Layanan Komunikasi Data Menggunakan Ns-2 di PT. Pln (Persero) Jember

Quality of Service merupakan metode pengukuran tentang seberapa baik jaringan yang terpasang dan juga merupakan suatu USAha untuk mendefinisikan karakteristik dan sifat dari satu layanan. Dengan dibuatnya sistem pembayaran online yang terdapat di PT. PLN (Persero) Jember, layanan internet yang digunakan hendaknya harus memenuhi standar TIPHON (Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks). Maka diperlukan optimasi kinerja QoS sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kualitas layanan data yang harus dipenuhi. Parameter QoS yang digunakan untuk analisis layanan komunikasi data adalah jitter, packet loss, throughtput, dan delay. Dari hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa pada jam sibuk (09.00-11.00 WIB) dan non sibuk (11.00-13.00 WIB) mendapatkan hasil rata – rata indeks QoS sebesar 2,125 dalam kategori “kurang memuaskan”. Dengan kapasitas bandwidth yang disediakan sebesar 3 Mbps. Kemudian dari hasil perhitungan optimasi bandwidth yang diperlukan sebesar 7,154 Mbps dan disimulasikan mendapatkan rata–rata indeks QoS yang sebesar 3,5 dalam kategori “sangat memuaskan”

Trends in antimicrobial-drug resistance in Japan.

Multidrug resistance in gram-positive bacteria has become common worldwide. In Japan until recently, gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia marcescens were controlled by carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides. However, several of these microorganisms have recently developed resistance against many antimicrobial drugs

Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-Acne Lotion Containing Red Ginger (Zingiber officinalle Roscoe) Essential Oil

Red ginger (Zingiber officinalle Roscoe) has been empirically used as antibacterial agent. This study was aimed to formulate anti-acne lotion containing red ginger essential oil and to evaluate its antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Extraction and distillation of 10 kg of red gingers were performed to obtain its essential oils. The lotions were prepared using oil in water (o/w) base with various concentration of red ginger essential oils, i.e., 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. The lotion was assayed to determine organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and irritation-inducing level. Antibacterial activity test was conducted using disk-difussion method. Results indicated that the 7.5% concentration exerted the strongest activity in inhibiting P. acnes (inhibition zone 12.4 mm) and S. epidermidis (inhibition zone 29 mm). In conclusion, anti-acne lotion containing 7.5% of red ginger essential oil was effective to control acne inducing bacteria and fulfilled the required standards. Keywords: Red ginger, essential oil, anti-acne, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidi

Streptococcus faecalis sex pheromone (cAD1) response: Evidence that the peptide inhibitor excreted by pAD1-containing cells may be plasmid determined

Streptococcus faecalis strains harboring the conjugative plasmid pAD1 excrete a small peptide, iAD1, which inhibits the sex pheromone cAD1. Studies making use of the host strain Streptococcus faecium 9790, which normally does not excrete peptide pheromones, suggest that iAD1 may be determined directly by pAD1.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26869/1/0000434.pd