Acute Toxicity Assay from Seeds and Flesh of Tarap Fruit (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) Ethanolic Extract against Daphnia magna Larvae

Tarap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) is one of the plants in the tropics that are consumed by dayak tribe in East Kalimantan. Toxicity tests on seeds and bark have been done but there is no data regarding the acute toxicity of Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco seeds and flesh of fruit causing the need for acute toxicity tests. This Research to know the acute toxic effects of tarap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) seed and flesh extracts on larvae of Daphnia magna. Tarap seeds and flesh (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) was taken from dayak market in Samarinda, is East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The seeds and flesh of the tarap fruit are extracted by maceration with ethanol solvent. An acute toxicity test was performed by exposing Dapnia magna larvae aged ? 24 hours with a solution of the experimental group and the control group for 48 hours. Toxicity test results are expressed in percentage of immobilization of larvae of Daphnia magna calculated by probit test to obtain EC50 (Half maximal effective concentration) values. Extracts are toxic if the EC50 value > 1000ppm. EC50 Ethanol extract of tarap seeds obtained values ( 3922,301 ± 324,590 ) for EC50 24h and ( 2964,498 ± 412,498 ) for EC50 48h. The EC50 value of ethanol extract from flesh of tarap fruit is ( 12224.514 ± 2186. 899 ) EC50 24h and ( 6165,235 ± 1940,006 ) EC50 48h.Ethanol extract of tarap fruit and flesh is non toxic to larvae of Daphnia magna

HUBUNGAN PREEKLAMPSIA BERAT DENGAN KOMPLIKASI PADA JANIN DI RSUD ABDUL 2 WAHAB SJAHRANIE SAMARINDA 3 TAHUN 2017-2018

Preeclampsia defined as new onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Preeclampsia is one of the three main causes of maternal mortality with an incidence of 128,273 each year or around 5.3% in Indonesia. Preeclampsia is classified as preeclampsia without severe features and severe preeclampsia. Severe preeclampsia can be a problem, both in the mother and the fetus due to vascular vasospasm. If uteroplacental blood flow to the fetus is limited, the fetus can be born under low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, intra uterine fetal death, and low Apgar score. The aim of this research is to determine the correlation of severe preeclampsia with fetal complication, that is intra uterine fetal death (IUFD), preterm labor, neonatal asphyxia, and low birth weight (LBW). The design of this research is case control study with 46 sample for both case and control groups. The data analysis used chi-square for 2x2 table and likelihood ratio for 2x3 table. The results of this this research is showed that there was correlation between severe preeclampsia with preterm labor (p=0,000)and severe preeclampsia with low birth weight (p=0,000), there was no correlation between severe preeclampsia with IUFD (p=0,822) and severe preeclampsia with neonatal asphyxia (p=0,060

EFEKTIFITAS PENDAMPINGAN TERAPI MODALITAS KEPERAWATAN MATERNITAS PADA KADER POSYANDU, MASYARAKAT DAN PIK REMAJA DI WILAYAH SAMARINDA

Program pendampingan masyarakat adalah bagian dari fungsi dosen di sebuah perguruan tinggi. Dosen menjadi pionir untuk melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat, utamanya di lingkungan sekitar kampus dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya sarana prasarana yang dimiliki. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kuantitatif. Pada penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan quasi eksperimen dan desain pre post test design, dimana data variabel dependen dan independen didapatkan dalam satu periode waktu yaitu tentang efektifitas terapi modalitas keperawatan maternitas sebelum dan sesudah pendampingan oleh dosen PSDK FK Unmul. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen penelitian yaitu berupa 40 item pertanyaan tentang efektifitas sebelum dan sesudah pendampingan terapi modalitas keperawatan maternitas (dalam proses uji coba instrument). Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 100 orang  (Kader posyandu, masyarakat dan PIK Remaja) yang mengikuti pendampingan terapi modalitas keperawatan maternitas. Uji kelayakan etik No. 133/KEPK-FK/VIII/2022 oleh Komisi Etik Kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Mulawarman. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif, Pengetahuan, keterampilan, sikap dari 100 partisipan sebelum dilakukan pendampingan masih kurang dan pengetahuan mengenai makna pendampingan, pengetahuan dan sikap mengenai 7 terapi modalitas keperawatan maternitas meningkat setelah dilakukan pendampingan. Dilakukannya pendampingan dengan memberikan informasi tentang terapi modalitas keperawatan maternitas pada Kader Posyandu, Masyarakat dan PIK-Remaja terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap partisipan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, responden terdiri dari 50 orang mahasiswa (50%) dengan usia mahasiswa 20 tahun dan masyarakat dan kader posyandu sebanyak 50 orang (50%), terdiri dari usia 30-40 tahun sebanyak 38 orang (38%) dan usia 40-50 tahun sebanyak 12 orang (12%). Berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan, mahasiswa sebanyak 50 orang (50%), SMA sebanyak 48 orang (48%) dan IRT sebanyak 2 orang (2%). Berdasarkan pekerjaan, mahasiswa sebanyak 50 orang (50%), swasta sebanyak 27 orang (27%) dan IRT sebanyak 23 orang (23%).  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian rata-rata pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan sebelum pendampingan adalah 21,78 dan meningkat setelah pendampingan menajadi 32,07 dengan rata-rata kenaikan 10,31 point. Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariate dengan nilai P-Value 0,000 < α= 0.05, berarti ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan partisipan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pendampingan. Kata Kunci : Efektifitas Pendampingan, terapi modalitas keperawatan maternitas, kader, masyarakat dan PIK-R &nbsp

Utilization of milkfish bone flour (chanos Chanos forskal) as complementary health Foods

Background: Milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskal) is one of the strategic commodities to fulfill protein needs that are relatively inexpensive and favored by consumers in Indonesia. The use of milkfish bones (solid waste) is a natural source of Ca for food and supplements. This research is a strategy to maximize the utilization of milkfish resources while effectively reducing waste from the fishing industry. Objectives to find out the content of milkfish bone extract as a complementary health foods. Methods: Experimental laboratory design with a post test only with control group design, this research was conducted at the Biopharmaca Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University. Sampling was done using convenience sampling method. The location of sampling and research in the milkfish aquaculture Barru Regency South Celebes, Pharmacy Laboratory of Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar and Makassar Health Laboratory Center. Determination of the mineral and vitamin contents of milkfish uses three stages of analysis namely mineral analysis and vitamin analysis. Result: The results of the analysis of milkfish bone extract it was found that the milkfish bone extract the highest content in calcium with a content as many as 4820,06 µg/g and the highest content in milkfish bone flour were found in calcium with a content as many as 76752,55 µg/g. Conclusion: Milkfish bone extract and milkfish bone flour positively contain minerals and vitamins that can be used as complementary health foods

AKTIVITAS HEPATOPROTEKTOR BATANG FIBRAURE TINCTORIA LOUR SECARA IN VIVO

Study on Fibraurea tinctoria Lour (FT) stems gives information about its traditional utility as  yellow fever treatment. Research of antecedent of FT stem proved that inhibited lipid peroxidation more effective than tocopherol acetate. These study was intended to prove hepatoprotector activity of ethanolic FT stem extract by in vivo. FT stem extract was macerated using absolute ethanol during 5 days that was repeated  3 times . FT stem extract hepatoprotector activity by in vivo was tested using carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity on Wistar rat. They were given FT stem extract orally once a day at dose 50, 100, and 200 mg/kgBW and Curcumin at dose 50 mg/KgBW as positive control.  After 10 days, all groups were examined liver function (SGOT, SGPT, ALP), liver Malonedialdehide (MDA) level by Thiobarbituric acid method,  and liver histopathology by Haemotoxylin-Eosin staining. Group that induced by CCl4 showed significant elevation of SGOT, SGPT and ALT also Liver MDA than group control. FT stem extract treatment inhibited elevation of SGOT, SGPT, ALT and Liver MDA significantly.Qualitative histopathological examination on Group 2 showed extensive fibrosis and necrosis, along with  periportal PMN and lymphocyte infiltration. FT stem extract treatment inhibited pathological change that was induced by CCl4. Dose elevation showed tendency of stronger inhibition on liver cell tissue destruction and inflammation. Key words: Fibraurea tinctoria, hepatoprotector, in vivo   Abstrak Penelusuran secara etnobotani, batang Fibraurea tinctoria Lour (FT) digunakan untuk obat sakit kuning. Penelitian pendahuluan batang FT berkemampuan meredam peningkatan lipid peroksidasi secara in vitro yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan tokoferol asetat. Membuktikan khasiat ekstrak etanol batang FT sebagai hepatoprotektor secara in vivo. Batang FT dimaserasi dengan etanol absolut selama 3 x 5 hari. Uji hambatan kerusakan hati secara in vivo digunakan model tikus yang diinduksi karbon tetraklorida (CCL4), ekstrak etanol FT diberikan dengan dosis 50, 100, 200 mg/KgBB sekali sehari dan curcumin dosis 50 mg/KgBB sebagai kontrol positif selama 10 hari lalu diperiksa fungsi hati (serum SGOT, SGPT dan ALP), kadar malondialdehida hati (MDA-hati), serta pemeriksaan patologi anatomi hati dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE). Kelompok tikus yang diinduksi CCl4 memperlihatkan peningkatan nilai SGOT, SGPT dan ALT dan MDA-Hati secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian ekstrak etanol batang FT secara oral dapat melemahkan peningkatkan nilai SGOT, SGPT dan ALT serta dapat menghambat peningkatkan nilai MDA-Hati pada tikus yang diinduksi CCl4 secara bermakna. Hasil pemeriksaan PA menunjukkan fibrosis dan nekrosis yang luas disertai infiltrasi sel-sel PMN dan limfosit di daerah periportal pada kelompok tikus yang diinduksi CCl4 > Curcumin > FT 50 > FT 100 > FT 200 mg/KgBB. Kata Kunci: Fibraurea tinctoria, Hepatoprotektor, in viv

EFEK EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN ENGKUDUK TALUN (FAGRAEA RACEMOSA) PADA PEROKSIDASI LIPID SECARA IN VIVO

ABSTRACT   Engkuduk talun plant (Fagraea racemosa) grows in East Kalimantan forest. Stages Extraction research of petroleum eter-cloroform-metanol from leaves, root skin, root, stem skin and Fagraea racemosa’s stem toward radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) is proven that the extract of methanol leaves have the strongest scavenger effect, this can be interpreted that the leaves have the strongest antioxidant potency from all plant parts that have been examined.  The given single dose 1 gram/kg b.w of the methanol extract from Fagraea racemosa leaves do not caused the death at the female Wistar rats. On the inhibitor test of forming MDA of rat’s liver the very high of absorbance value has accurred on control by CCl4 ( 0.508 ± 0.039 ), significant if compared to CCl4 added with the vitamin E ( 0.224 ± 0.006 ) and CCl4 added with three doses of methanol extract from the Fagraea racemosa’s leaves ( p=0.000 )   Keywords: Fagreae racemosa, lipid peroxidation, CCl4,  vitamin E   ABSTRAK Tumbuhan engkuduk talun (Fagraea racemosa) banyak terdapat di hutan Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ekstraksi bertingkat petroleum eter-kloroform-metanol dari daun, kulit akar, akar, kulit batang dan batang Fagraea racemosa terhadap pereaksi radikal 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) terbukti pada ekstrak metanol daun mempunyai efek peredaman paling kuat, ini dapat diartikan daun mempunyai potensi antioksidan yang paling kuat dari semua bagian tumbuhan yang diamati. Pemberian dosis tunggal 1 gram/kgBB ekstrak metanol daun Fagraea racemosa tidak menunjukkan kematian pada hewan coba tikus Wistar betina. Pada uji hambatan  pembentukan MDA hepar tikus terjadi peningkatan nilai absorbansi yang sangat tinggi pada kontrol dengan CCl4 (0.508 ± 0,039), berbeda bermakna jika dibandingkan CCl4 yang ditambah dengan vitamin E (0.224 ± 0,006) dan CCl4  yang ditambah dengan tiga dosis ekstrak metanol daun Fagraea racemosa (p=0.000).   Kata Kunci: Fagraea racemosa, peroksidasi lipid, CCl4, vitamin

The Correlation between Internet Addiction and Anxiety Level among Medical Students at Medicine Study Program of Medicine Faculty, Mulawarman University

AbstrakLatar Belakang : Pengguna internet yang terus bertambah berpotensi mendatangkan permasalahan baru bagi penggunanya yaitu suatu fenomena yang disebut adiksi internet. Adiksi internet adalah penggunaan internet yang berlebihan dan bisa berdampak negatif pada kondisi psikologi seseorang salah satunya berupa kecemasan. Tujuan Penelitian : Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara adiksi internet dengan tingkat kecemasan pada mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Mulawarman. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Subjek pada penelitian ini sebanyak 83 orang dipilih dengan metode stratified random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah  Internet Addiction test (IAT) dan Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) disebarkan melalui google form. 83 responden yang terdiri dari 28 mahasiswa laki-laki dan 55 mahasiswa perempuan. Hasil : Didapatkan hasil 15 (18,1%) responden tidak mengalami adiksi internet, 49 (72,1%) responden mengalami adiksi internet tingkat ringan, 18 (26,5%) mengalami adiksi internet tingkat sedang, dan 1 (1,5%) mengalami adiksi internet tingkat berat. Sedangkan untuk kecemasan sebanyak 33 (39,8%) responden tidak mengalami kecemasan, 38 (76%) kecemasan ringan, 11 (22%) kecemasan sedang, dan 1 (2%) kecemasan berat. Hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi Square tidak terdapat hubungan antara adiksi internet dengan tingkat kecemasan pada mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Mulawarman (p value > 0,005; p=  0,077).Kata Kunci: adiksi internet, kecemasan, mahasiswa AbstractBackground: A growing number of internet users may potentially raise a problem called a phenomenon of internet addiction. Internet addiction is generally defined as excessive internet use and gives negative effects on people’s psychological condition, one of which is anxiety. Research Objectives: To know the correlation between internet addiction and anxiety level among medical students at Medicine Study Program of Medicine Faculty, Mulawarman University. Methods: This was an analytical observational research with cross-sectional design. There were 83 research subjects consisting of 28 male and 55 female students selected using stratified random sampling method. Two instruments, Internet Addiction test (IAT) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), were distributed through Google Form. Result: The findings revealed that 15 (19.1%) respondents experienced the absence of internet addiction, 49 (72,1%) respondents experienced low level of internet addiction, 8 (26,5%) respondents experienced moderate level of internet addiction, and 1 (1.5%) student experienced severe level of internet addiction. In addition, students’ anxiety levels among students were 33 (39,8%) respondents with zero anxiety level, 38 (76%) respondents with low anxiety level, 11 (22%) respondents with moderate anxiety level, and 1 (2%) student with high anxiety level. The result of bivariate analysis using Chi Square test showed that there was no correlation between internet addiction and anxiety level among medical students at Medicine Study Program of Medicine Faculty, Mulawarman University (p value > 0,005; p=  0,077).Keywords: Internet addiction, anxiety, studen