Development and application of spectrophotometric method for the determination of cefaclor in pharmaceutical formulations

A simple, fast and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of cefaclor in pharmaceutical raw and dosage forms based on reaction with ninhydrin is developed, optimized and validated. The purple color (Ruhemenn's purple) that resulted from the reaction was stabilized and measured at 560 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 4-80 µg mL-1 with molar absorptivity of 1.42 × 10(5) L mole-1 cm-1. All variables including the reagent concentration, heating time, reaction temperature, color stability period, and cefaclor/ninhydrin ratio were studied in order to optimize the reaction conditions. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvant. The developed method is easy to use, accurate and highly cost-effective for routine studies relative to HPLC and other techniques

BIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF ARAUCARIA COLUMNARIS

Objective: The present research is biological screening of aerial part of Araucaria columnaris (Araucariaceae). There were investigation for their antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities of Dichloromethane and methanol extract.Methods: Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity activity was performed by Disc diffusion method, Agar tube dilution assay, Brine Shrimp Lethality bioassay and Lemna bioassay respectively.Results: Dichloromethane and methanolic extract exhibited significant phytotoxicity against Lemna minor having Paraquat as standard drug and incubation condition (28±1 °C). None of extracts presented any significant antibacterial and cytotoxic activity having Imipenum and Etoposide as standard drug respectively. Both extract had non-significant antifungal activity but it has been noted that MeOH and DCM extract of Araucaria columnaris showed 10% and 20% inhibition with linear growth at 90 mm and 80 mm respectively, when compared with control; against Fusarium solani and Aspergillus flavus respectively.Conclusion: Araucaria columnaris exhibited significant phytotoxicity bioassay. The phytotoxicty assay is a useful primary screen for weedicide research. Synthetic weedicides are expensive, toxic and non-specific. This study will help to discover the phytotoxic constituents of the plant by isolation, purification and structure elucidation to find out as effective herbicidal.Â

ANTIFUNGAL, CYTOTOXIC AND PHYTOTOXICITY OF AERIAL PART OF RANUNCULUS MURICATUS

Objectives: The present research is preliminary biological screening of aerial plant of Ranunculus muricatus (Ranunculaceae). Dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the aerial plant were investigated for their antifungal, phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities.   Methods: Anti-fungal, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity activities were performed by agar tube dilution assay, brine shrimp lethality bioassay and lemna bioassay respectively. Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts exhibited significant phytotoxicity against Lemna minor having Paraquat as standard drug and incubation condition (28±1ºC). Results: None of extracts presented any significant cytotoxic activity having Imipenum and Etoposide as standard drug respectively. Both extract had non-significant antifungal activity but it has been noted that methanol extract showed 30% inhibition with linear growth at 70 mm, when compared with control; only against Microsporum canis.  Ranunculus muricatus showed significant phytotoxicity. Conclusion: The phytotoxicty assay is a valuable major screen for weedicide investigation. Additionally, modern studies are currently carried out to identify the allelopathic constituents by isolation, purification and structure elucidation to find out as effective herbicidal.                  Peer Review History: Article received on- 9 September    Revised on- 16 September   Accepted on- 25 September, Available online 15 November 2016 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Awofisayo, O Abosede, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected] Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected] This article has been cited by: Zhang, Wenying. “Development of a Graphene Based Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of 9-hydroxyrisperidone in Human Blood Plasma.” International Journal of Electrochemical Science (2018): 2617-2626. Pubme

Recent Developments and Biological Activities of N-Substituted Carbazole Derivatives: A Review

Carbazoles represent an important class of heterocycles. These have been reported to exhibit diverse biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antiepileptic, antihistaminic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrhoeal, analgesic, neuroprotective and pancreatic lipase inhibition properties. A series of carbazole derivatives such as N-substituted carbazoles, benzocarbazoles, furocarbazoles, pyrrolocarbazoles, indolocarbazoles, imidazocarbazoles, etc. have been synthesized. The N-substituted derivatives have gained the attention of researchers due to their therapeutic potential against neurological disorders and cell proliferation. Herein an attempt is made to review the medicinal importance of recently synthesized N-substituted carbazoles