Management Outcomes of Abruptio Placentae at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to determine incidence, risk factors and management outcomes of abruptio placentae (AP) and comparing them with cases without AP who delivered within the same period.METHODS: A 10 year retrospective study of AP managed at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria, between January 2001 andDecember 2010 was undertaken. Proforma was initially used for data collection before transfer to Epi-info 2008 software. Test of associations were evaluated and P<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: Sixty nine cases out of a total delivery of 8,811 were seen, giving an incidence of 0.8%. The mean age and parity of women with AP were 30.8 ± 0.9 years and 4.1±0.6 respectively and majority (78.3%) of cases were unbooked (p=0.0019). Grand multiparity and age =35 years were significant risk factors (p<0.05). Fifty two (75.4%) cases weredelivered by caesarean section (c/s) (P=0.0000). The sex ratio was 160 (p=0.0134). The overall maternal mortality ratio during the studyperiod was 987 per 100,000 live births with AP contributing 3.8% of the maternal deaths while perinatal mortality rate was 52.2%.CONCLUSION: A significant number of cases have high perinatal mortality. Unbooked, high parity, advanced maternal age and previous c/s scar weresignificant aetiological risk factors.KEYWORDS: Abruptio placentae, risk factors, Nnewi,Nigeri

Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Nnewi, southeast Nigeria

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy is associated with obstetric complications including preeclampsia, pyelonephritis, preterm labour, low birth weight and prematurity. Determining the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women locally is needed to justify routine screening for ASB in pregnancy. This cross sectional, case controlled study examined 440 women comprising equal numbers of pregnant and non pregnant women attending various clinics at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi, Nigeria with the aim of determining the prevalence of ASB among them and the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated organisms. Urine culture using MacConkay and blood agar were used to isolate bacteria organisms. Significant bacteriuria was defined as the finding of single pure isolate of ≥105 in two consecutive, freshly voided, midstream urine. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among the pregnant women was 19.5% (n=43) and 6.4% ( n=14) for the non pregnant women. (x2=16.9,0R=3.6, P=0.00). There was no significant influence of age (x2=1.89,P=0.39), parity (x2=3.92,P=0.14) or social class (x2=5.7, p=0.22) on the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the commonest isolated organism, 30(52.6%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus, 10 (17.5%) and Klebsiella sp, 9 (15.8%). The isolated E. coli was 100% sensitive to ofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and nalidixic acid and 83.3%, 73.3% and 66.7% sensitive to augmentin, gentamicin and cefuroxime, respectively. Sensitivity to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole were 43.3% and 30.0%, respectively. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in NAUTH is high and the isolated organisms were mainly susceptible to ofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and nalidixic acid. Routine screening for ASB in pregnancy in the hospital is recommended for all pregnant women.Keywords: Prevalence, Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Nnewi, Nigeri

Organic agriculture: essence, principles and benefits

Organic agriculture is aimed to provide agricultural products, especially food, which is safe for the health of producers and consumers and does not damage the environment. Thus a healthy lifestyle has been institutionalized internationally, which requires the assurance that agricultural products should be safe to eat beratribut (food safety attributes), high nutrient content (nutritional attributes) and environmentally friendly (eco-labeling attributes). When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3158

Educators’ Rating of Strategies Considered Necessary for Motivation of Potential Entrepreneurs among Secondary School Students for Poverty Alleviation in Anambra State

Timely planning and strategizing for the future had remained the major strength of wealthy nations; who in a bid to unleash their full development potentials, have set up educational programmes, necessary to fight poverty in all its ramifications. This study aimed at assessing strategies considered necessary for the motivation of potential entrepreneurs among secondary school students for poverty alleviation in Anambra State of Nigeria. The study was a descriptive survey conducted with 110 business educators purposively sampled from five local government areas in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the conduct of the study and one null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance. A validated structured questionnaire with reliability coefficient of 0.94 was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using mean scores and z-test statistic. The findings of the study revealed among others that cash and scholarship awards, exposing students to entrepreneurship education such as interacting with small scale business owners, display of project materials and government sponsorship, were considered as highly necessary strategies. However, special gift from teachers and school authority, recognizing students through assigning of responsibilities were considered as barely necessary strategies by the business educators. It was concluded that the strategies considered fairly necessary and above should be used to motivate potential entrepreneurs in secondary schools. It was recommended among others that educators should constantly be provided with in-service training on entrepreneurship programmes to help them develop entrepreneurial skills required for effective motivation of potential entrepreneurs in their subjects. Keywords: Poverty Alleviation, Motivation, Potential Entrepreneurs, Educators and Strategie

Inevitable caesarean myomectomy; a case report

The standard teaching is to avoid caesarean myomectomy as much as possible for the fear of the attendant severe haemorrhage. Classical caesarean section in spite of its risk of uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancies had been prescribed in its place.We report a case of a 32 year old nullipara who had an inevitable removal of a huge intramural fibroid in order to assess the baby. A high dose oxytocin infusion, and skillful surgery ensured minimal intra operative and post operative blood loss.Key words: caesarean myomectomy, inevitable, fibroid

Inevitable Caesarean Myomectomy

The standard teaching is to avoid caesarean myomectomy as much as possible for the fear of the attendant severe haemorrhage. Classical caesarean section in spite of its risk of uterine rupture in subsequentpregnancies had been prescribed in its place.We report a case of a 32 year old nullipara who had an inevitable removal of a huge intramural fibroid in order to assess the baby. A high dose oxytocin infusion, and skillful surgeryensured minimal intra operative and post operative blood loss.Keywords: caesarean myomectomy, inevitable, fibroid

Compliance with occupational safety and health regulations in Nigeria's public regulatory entity : a call for attention

The amelioration of the deplorable state of occupational safety and health (OSH) in Nigeria should flow from upstream to downstream. This short communication reports on some preliminary results of an ongoing research project in which workplace observations and interviews were conducted on 10 staff out of 48 staff of the Federal Ministry of Labour and Productivity Inspectorate Division in Nigeria, the custodian of OSH. Results show that they fail to comply with some OSH regulations that they should enforce, thus establishing the upstream decay of enforcement and compliance with OSH regulations in Nigeri

Optimal Analysis of Packaging Products of MAHEU Plant in Intafact Beverages Limited Using GPALS and MATLAB Optimization Software

This work focused on the optimization of the two packaging products; Supershake and Chibuku made up of three and two parts respectively. Copolymer polypropylene and white or colored batch materials are the two raw materials needed to produce the two packaging products. The manufacturing plan was developed for the organization. The production inputs of 1.11, 6.67, 15.78, 2.47 and 7.70 units were generated as the objective function coefficients; 308 hours per month for day shift and 364 hours per month for night shift were established. Production time of 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 12 second, 10 seconds and 12 seconds per unit of the five parts were established. The manufacturing constraints in terms of machine capacities, material availability, time and labour were extensively used to develop an integer linear programming model to obtain the optimum quantities of each part that will yield the maximum profit. The developed model was analyzed with GPALS and MATLAB optimization solver to obtain results for the linear programming model which gave a monthly production net profit of N3,751,932. A decision support system was developed for the manufacturing planning to assist the management of Maheu plant in Intafact Beverages Limited in decision making. The model is now being used in the manufacturing plan of the company and also recommended for application in organizations with similar production inputs. Keywords: Manufacturing plan, Production inputs, Manufacturing constraints,  Optimization, Profit and Decision makin

Seroprevalence and Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Women of Reproductive Age in Mozambique: A Multilevel Analysis

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has continued to be one of the foremost public health problems globally. Even as more people living with the disease can now have access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), there are still some regions in the world with high transmission rates. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and individual-, household- and community-level factors associated with HIV infection among women of reproductive age in Mozambique. Methods We used nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 2015 Survey of Indicators on Immunization, Malaria and HIV or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Mozambique. A sample of 4726 women of reproductive age was included in this study. Prevalence was measured in percentage and the factors for HIV infection were examined using a multivariable multilevel logistic regression model. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The seroprevalence of HIV among women in Mozambique was 10.3% (95% CI 9.2%, 11.6%). Furthermore, women who had two, three and four or more total lifetime number of sex partners were 2.73, 5.61 and 3.95 times as likely to have HIV infection when compared with women with only one lifetime sex partners, respectively. In addition, women of Islam religion had 60% reduction in HIV infection when compared with Christian women (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 0.40; 95% CI 0.16, 0.99). The individual-level model (model B) had the best model fitness with the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) = 500.87 and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) = 648.88. The variations in the odds of HIV infection across communities (σ2 = 9.61 × 10–8; SE = 0.55) and households (σ2 = 1.02 × 10–4; SE = 1.02) were estimated. Results from the median odds ratio (MOR = 1.00) did not show any evidence of community and household contextual factors shaping HIV infection. MOR equal to unity (1) indicated that there were no community or household variances given the ICC of 0.0%. At both community and household levels, the explained variances were each 100%. This implied total variances in HIV infection has been explained by the individual-level factors. Conclusion In this study, we found that having multiple total lifetime number of sexual partners and religion were predisposing factors for HIV infection at individual woman level. Female headship and wealth quintiles were associated with HIV infection at household level. Community illiteracy, intimate partner violence, poverty and geographical region were associated with HIV infection at community level. Therefore, multifaceted health intervention by stakeholders in the healthcare system will be useful in addressing the multilevel predisposing factors of HIV infection among Mozambican women