Needs analysis on lifelong simulation-based learning of nurses

Uvod: Simulacije se kot aktivna metoda učenja in poučevanja uporabljajo tako v formalnem kot neformalnem usposabljanju strokovnjakov na področju zdravstva, vendar je njihov potencial v Sloveniji premalo izkoriščen. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti, katere simulacije zanimajo vodilne medicinske sestre, ki odločajo o usposabljanjih medicinskih sester. Metode: V anketi, ki je potekala od 30. 11. do 24. 12. 2010, so sodelovale vodilne medicinske sestre primarne, sekundarne in terciarne ravni zdravstvene dejavnosti ter socialnovarstvenih zavodov. Končni vzorec je zajemal 78 anketirancev. Anketiranci so med 146 simulacijami, razdeljenimi v enajst sklopov, izbrali tiste, ki bi jih glede na njihovo naravo dela potrebovali in bi jih bilo smiselno vključevati v programe vseživljenjskega učenja. Za analizo podatkov je bila uporabljena univariatna analiza in test hi-kvadrat. Rezultati: Rezultati kažejo izjemno veliko zanimanje za simulacije stanj, ki zahtevajo nujno obravnavo pacienta, še zlasti za simulacijo Uporaba zunanjega avtomatskega defibrilatorja v primeru srčnega zastoja (62,8 %). Prav tako rezultati kažejo na nekoliko višje, statistično značilno zanimanje za simulacije s strani primarne (I) in terciarne (III) ravni zdravstvene dejavnosti: Akutna alergična reakcija (I: 69 %, III: 67 %, p = 0,036), Supraventrikularna tahikardija (I: 73 %, III: 56 %, p = 0,02) in Ventrikularna fibrilacija in ventrikularna tahikardija (timska obravnava) (I: 73 %, III: 50 %, p = 0,014). Diskusija in zaključek: Glede na izkazano zanimanje za simulacije je smiselno razmisliti o načinih, kako bi se ta pristop bolje vključil v dodiplomsko izobraževanje in kontinuirano profesionalno izobraževanje na področju zdravstvene nege. Ugotovljene razlike v zanimanju za simulacije je smiselno upoštevati pri načrtovanju prihodnjih usposabljanj medicinskih sester.Introduction: Simulations are used in both formal and informal training of health professionals as an active teaching and learning method. In Slovenia, however, simulation-based medical training has not been widely accepted and used in spite of the benefits and opportunities it can offer. The aim of the study was to identify the types of simulations that nurses responsible for nurse education find interesting and useful. Methods: The survey took place from November 30 to December 24, 2010. Leading nurses from primary, secondary and tertiary levels of healthcare and social welfare institutions participatedin the study. The final sample included 78 respondents. Among the 146 simulations divided into 11 sets, the respondents selected those which aremost useful and relevant enough to be included in the lifelong learning programs. For the data analysis univariate analysis and Chi-square test were used. Results: Results of the study showed great interest in simulations of conditions that require urgent treatment of patients, particularly the simulation Use of automated external defibrillator in the event of cardiac arrest (62.8 %). Statistically significant interest was expressed by the participants from the primary (I) and tertiary (III) levels of healthcare for the following simulations: Acute allergic reaction (I: 69 %, III: 67 %, p = 0,036), Supraventricular tachycardia (I: 73 %, III: 56 %p = 0.02), and Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia (teamwork) (I: 73 %, III:50 %p = 0.014). Discussion and conclusion: As relatively high level of interest is shown for the simulation-based education and training, it would be reasonable to introduce this learning/teaching method into nursing undergraduate curricula and lifelong learning programmes. The different interests identified should be taken into consideration when developing nursing training courses and programmes

Obrambeni proračun kao čimbenik razvoja sposobnosti Oružanih snaga Republike Hrvatske

Cilj rada je postići razumijevanje međusobne povezanosti i uvjetovanosti čimbenika u procesu izgradnje sposobnosti oružanih snaga: veličine i strukture izdataka za obranu, skupa vojnih sposobnosti koje neka zemlja razvija i razumijevanje ključne uloge kapitalnih ulaganja u dugoročnoj izgradnji sposobnosti i generiranju troškova. Rasvjetljivanju problema neravnoteže u strukturi izdataka za obranu u Republici Hrvatskoj pristupa se povezivanjem pojedinih kategorija izdataka za obranu s pojedinim čimbenicima sposobnosti. Izradom alternativnih scenarija kombinacijama varijabla ekonomskog rasta i porasta udjela izdataka za obranu u BDP-u definira se visina izdataka za obranu koja omogućava uspostavljanje ravnotežne strukture izdataka za obranu. Profesionalizacija, razvoj tehnologija i karakter prijetnja upućuju na središnju ulogu kapitalnih ulaganja u razvoju sposobnosti, koje postaju središnji čimbenik u generiranju ostalih kategorija troškova. Svi navedeni aspekti konkretizirani su na primjeru projekta nabave borbenog zrakoplova

Razumijevanje demografskih i epidemioloških značajka hospitaliziranih imigrantica: retrospektivno opservacijsko istraživanje

Precise epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of immigrant women admitted to gynecology or obstetrics departments are rarely explored. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to analyze the epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of immigrant female patients hospitalized between 2012 and 2017 in one maternity hospital in south-west Slovenia. Clinical data retrieved from hospital electronic information system were used to analyze these characteristics. In the mentioned period, 605 immigrant women were hospitalized, most of them originating from countries of the former Yugoslavia (60.50%) or former Eastern Bloc (14.05%). The results show that in recent years there has been a constantly growing trend of immigrant women being admitted compared to the total number of hospitalizations. No statistical differences were established in the incidence of abortion, preterm delivery or vacuum extraction between Slovenian and immigrant women, although the analysis revealed a higher rate of cesarean section among immigrant women (χ2=26.960, p<0.01). Education level seems to be a significant predictor of the likelihood of an abortion in the group of immigrant women (B=-0.492, p=0.015), where less educated women are at a greater risk. To improve what is known about the sexual and reproductive health-related problems of immigrant women, a large-scale epidemiologic study is needed in the near future.Točni epidemiološki i demografski podatci imigrantica primljenih na ginekološkom ili porođajnom odjelu su rijetko dostupni. Cilj naše retrospektivne opservacijske studije bila je analiza epidemioloških i demografskih značajka bolesnica imigrantica koje su bile hospitalizirane u jednom rodilištu na jugozapadu Slovenije u razdoblju od 2012. do 2017. godine. Za analizu spomenutih značajka primijenjeni su podatci dobiveni putem bolničkog elektroničkog informacijskog sustava. U navedenom razdoblju hospitalizirano je 605 imigrantica. Većina njih potječe iz bivših republika Jugoslavije (60,50%) ili bivših zemalja Istočnog bloka (14,05%). Rezultati su pokazali da je trend prijma imigrantica u odnosu na ukupan broj hospitalizacija posljednjih godina u stalnom porastu. Analiza nije pokazala statistički značajne razlike u učestalosti pobačaja, prijevremenog porođaja ili vakuumske ekstrakcije između slovenskih žena i žena imigrantica, ali se je kod ovih posljednjih pokazala veća stopa carskog reza (χ2=26,960, p<0,01). Čini se da je stupanj obrazovanja značajan prediktor vjerojatnosti pobačaja u skupini žena imigrantica (B=-0,492, p=0,015), gdje su manje obrazovane žene sklonije pobačaju. Radi boljeg razumijevanja problematike na području seksualnog i reproduktivnog zdravlja kod imigrantica potrebno se je u bliskoj budućnosti usmjeriti na izradu većih epidemioloških studija

Importance of debriefing in high-fidelity simulations

Vodena razprava (angl. debriefing) je najpomembnejši del učenja s simulacijami visoke stopnje posnemanja resničnosti, v kateri mentor pozove učeče se, da kritično ocenijo znanje in spretnosti, ki so jih pokazali med izvedbo scenarija. Kljub številnim raziskavam, ki proučujejo izobraževanje s simulacijami, je področje vodene razprave še razmeroma slabo opredeljeno. V prispevku so o sodobni literaturi povzete bistvene značilnosti vodene razprave, njene faze, tehnike in metode. Poudarjena je vloga mentorja, saj je učinkovitost vodene razrave v veliki meri odvisna ravno od njegove usposobljenosti. Podane so smernice, s katerimi mentor lahko oceni lastno uspešnost pri vodenju razprave. Prav tako je izpostavljen pomen pri kontinuiranem izobraževanju v kliničnem okolju, saj vodena razprava omogoča oceno uspešnosti izvedbe klinične obravnave in možnosti postavljanja novih strategij s ciljem doseči večjo usposobljenost zdravstvenega tima. Čeprav je vodena razprava temelj izobraževanja s simulacijami visoke stopnje posnemanja resničnosti, je tudi pomemben način učenja v kliničnem okolju. Mnogi vidiki vodene razprave so še vedno slabo raziskani, zato bo temu segmentu v prihodnosti potrebno nameniti večjo pozornost

An Evaluation Study of Nurse Educators’ Learning Experience in a Digital Modular Course

The Covid-19 pandemic poses a new challenge in the adoption of ICT in education. The need for educational institutions to develop standards and implement quality assurance in digital education has suddenly gained new significance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the learning experiences of nurse educators in Slovenia acquired during a nine-week modular online course on the design, delivery and evaluation of online study units, based on a quality standard for digital education developed for this purpose. A mixed methods approach was used. The evaluation of the nurse educators’ learning experiences was examined quantitatively (cross-sectional study) and qualitatively (focus group). The Cronbach’s alpha for the entire questionnaire was 0.921, indicating that the internal consistency of the questionnaire developed for evaluation was excellent. The thematic analysis identified three main themes. At the end of the course, the nursing teachers expressed their desire for additional courses in which they could gain and deepen their knowledge of the preparation, implementation, and evaluation of the educational unit with the help of digital technology

Attitudes towards spirituality and spiritual care among nursing employees in hospitals

Introduction: Understanding spirituality and spiritual care is a prerequisite for holistic care. The research goal was to describe nurses' attitudes towards spirituality and spiritual care. Methods: The study was carried out between 2015 and 2016 using a quantitative non-experimental method. The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale Questionnaire was given to a sample of 182 nursing care employees, mostly women (n = 153, 88.4 %), with completed higher (n = 93, 53.8 %) or secondary (n = 75, 43.4 %) education, from four Slovenian hospitals. The questionnaire had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.83). Results: The highest agreement (x = 4.27, s = 0.82) was reached on the statement which describes spiritual care as respecting patient's privacy, dignity, cultural and religious beliefs. Participants also agreed with the statement that they provide spiritual care by demonstrating kindness, care, and cheerfulness (x = 4.2, s = 0.76), but they expressed uncertainty about the statement that spirituality and spiritual care are fundamental aspects of nursing care (x = 2.88, s = 1.08). Discussion and conclusion: Participants connect spirituality with an understanding of themselves and the world, rather than only with religion and sacral objects. The research has confirmed the findings of previous Slovenian studies that nurses give priority to meeting patients' physical needs before spiritual ones probably also as a result of a lack of knowledge and professional guidance on spiritual care