Assimilation of Temperatures and Column Dust Opacities Measured by ExoMars TGO-ACS-TIRVIM During the MY34 Global Dust Storm

Funding Information: ExoMars is a space mission of ESA and Roscosmos. The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) experiment is led by IKI, the Space Research Institute in Moscow, Russia, assisted by LATMOS in France. This work, exploiting ACS/TIRVIM data, acknowledges funding by the CNES. The science operations of ACS are funded by Roscosmos and ESA. The ACS/TIRVIM team at IKI acknowledges the subsidy of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia. The authors acknowledge Sandrine Guerlet and the ACS/TGO team for supplying the data and the data center ESPRI/IPSL for their help in accessing the data. R. M. B. Young acknowledges funding from the UAE University grants G00003322 and G00003407. Supercomputing resources were provided by the UAE University High Performance Computing, with technical support from Anil Thomas and Asma Alneyadi, and at LMD by the IPSL mesocentre. The authors thank Luca Montabone for access to processed versions of Mars Climate Sounder temperature and dust observations, and Thomas Navarro and Claus Gebhardt for useful discussions.Peer reviewe

Martian Atmospheric Spectral End-Members Retrieval From ExoMars Thermal Infrared (TIRVIM) Data

Key knowledge about planetary composition can be recovered from the study of thermal infrared spectral range datasets. This range has a huge diagnostic potential because it contains diagnostic absorptions from a planetary surface and atmosphere. The main goal of this study is to process and interpret the dataset from the Thermal Infrared channel (TIRVIM) which is part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite of the ExoMars2016 Trace Gas Orbiter mission to find and characterize dust and water ice clouds in the atmosphere. The method employed here is based on the application of principal component analysis and target transformation techniques to extract the independent variable components present in the analyzed dataset. Spectral shapes of both atmospheric dust and water ice aerosols have been recovered from the analysis of TIRVIM data. The comparison between our results with those previously obtained on Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data and with previous analysis on TIRVIM data, validates the methodology here applied, showing that it allows to correctly recover the atmospheric spectral endmembers present in the TIRVIM data. Moreover, comparison with atmospheric retrievals on PFS, TES and IRIS data, allowed us to assess the temporal stability and homogeneity of dust and water ice components in the Martian atmosphere over a time period of almost 50 years

Artificial intelligence in medicine: From hybrid studies and clinical validation to development of application models [Искусственный интеллект в медицине: от гибридных исследований и клинической валидизации до разработки моделей применения]

[No abstract available

ОСТРАЯ ОБТУРАЦИОННАЯ КИШЕЧНАЯ НЕПРОХОДИМОСТЬ, ВЫЗВАННАЯ ИНОРОДНЫМ ТЕЛОМ, У РЕБЕНКА 1,5 ЛЕТ

Clinical observation of a 1.5-year-old with a hydrogel foreign object in the ileum causing an acute obturation intestinal obstruction was submitted. Представлено клиническое наблюдение ребенка 1,5 лет с гидрогелевым инородным телом подвздошной кишки, определившим развитие острой обтурационной кишечной непроходимости.

Interferometer with single-axis robot: design, alignment and performance

An interferometer is an essential subsystem of the Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS). We describe an FTS Instrument to operate at the surface of Mars based on a Michelson interferometer with hollow retroreflectors. The instrument will operate in two different regimes, observing the solar disc through the atmosphere to measure trace gases, and measuring the thermal emission from the atmosphere to study the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The interferometer has an aperture of 1 inch, operates in the spectral range 1.7-17 μm, and features low mass and volume (≤1 kg with all necessary subsystems). Beam splitter and compensator are made of potassium Bromide (KBr). A single-axis robot with stepper motor drive provides a linear movement of the retroreflector (the Speed stability is about 2%) and enables a maximal optical path difference (MOPD) of 15 cm. A reference channel with a distributed-feedback laser diode (0.76 μm) and a photodiode (Si) supports the interferogram sampling and the speed stabilization loop. The time to measure one interferogram with a best spectral resolution of about 0.05 cm–1 is 500 s (the sun tracking regime). In the thermal sounding regime, one measurement of a two-side interferogram (with the spectral resolution of ~1 cm–1) takes less than 1 min. Laboratory calibrations with a black body and a laser confirm the design parameters of the instrument