Data Mining and Social Media for promotion and marketing in the Aerospace Industry

Data mining and social media is an innovative platform for the aerospace industry to focus, promote and market the industry in the upcoming economy. Data mining techniques allow the industry to build a comprehensive system that helps to make intelligent management decisions in a formal system. On the other hand Social Media is used as a tool to ensure maximum return by entering a hybrid media landscape, one where the rapid growth of Social Media complements and enhances the efficiency of the industry. By using trend analysis this research would showcase benefits that the industry will achieve by increasing their profit margins and market competiveness. This research mainly focuses on supporting the aerospace industry to build trust among customers and meeting demand specifications by using data mining techniques and social media platform

Bone Tissue Response to Porous and Functionalized Titanium and Silica Based Coatings

Background: Topography and presence of bio-mimetic coatings are known to improve osseointegration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of porous and osteogenic coatings. Methodology: Six-implants [Control (CTR); porous titanium coatings (T1, T2); thickened titanium (Ti) dioxide layer (TiO2); Amorphous Microporous Silica (AMS) and Bio-active Glass (BAG)] were implanted randomly in tibiae of 20-New Zealand white rabbits. The animals were sacrificed after 2 or 4 weeks. The samples were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically. In the initial bone-free areas (bone regeneration areas (BRAs)), the bone area fraction (BAF) was evaluated in the whole cavity (500 mm, BAF-500), in the implant vicinity (100 mm, BAF-100) and further away (100–500 mm, BAF-400) from the implant. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC-BAA) was measured in the areas where the implants were installed in contact to the host bone (bone adaptation areas (BAAs)) to understand and compare the bone adaptation. Mixed models were used for statistical analysis. Principal Findings: After 2 weeks, the differences in BAF-500 for different surfaces were not significant (p.0.05). After 4 weeks, a higher BAF-500 was observed for BAG than CTR. BAF-100 for AMS was higher than BAG and BAF-400 for BAG was higher than CTR and AMS. For T1 and AMS, the bone regeneration was faster in the 100-mm compared to the 400-mm zone. BIC-BAA for AMS and BAG was lower after 4 than 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, BIC-BAA for BAG was lower than AMS and CTR. Conclusions: BAG is highly osteogenic at a distance from the implant. The porous titanium coatings didn’t stimulate bone regeneration but allowed bone growth into the pores. Although AMS didn’t stimulate higher bone response, it has a potential of faster bone growth in the vicinity compared to further away from the surface. BIC-BAA data were inconclusive to understand the bone adaptation.status: publishe

Failure of oral implants: aetiology, symptoms and influencing factors

The use of oral implants opened a wide range of prosthetic treatment possibilities in edentulous patients. Although the reported success rates of oral implants are high, failures do occur. This paper reviews the current knowledge about the aetiology, the signs and symptoms and the possible influencing factors of implant failure. Possible causes of implant failure are thought to be infection of the periimplant tissues, occlusal overload, or a combination of both. Nevertheless, pinpointing one of these as the aetiological factor in a particular case is difficult and should be handled reluctantly. Although the cause might seem obvious, influencing factors could play a role as well. Gaining insight into these processes might stimulate the adoption of preventive action and therefore increase the predictability of the treatment outcome with oral implants.status: publishe

Pathways in multidisciplinary oral health care as a tool to improve clinical performance

PURPOSE: To investigate the optimization of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary oral health care through the introduction of pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out in a tertiary referral academic institution. Ninety-one patients admitted for multidisciplinary oral health care from January 1, 2001, to March 31, 2003, were randomized to the test group (n = 50) or to the control group (n = 41). Pathways were implemented by means of the Medical Patient Management program, a computerized planning and coordination system specifically developed for a population with multidisciplinary oral rehabilitation needs. The efficiency of pathways in interdisciplinary oral health care was assessed. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between test and control groups were found for variables regarding the process of care, such as "number of planned versus actual disciplines," "length of planned versus actual treatment," and "average length of a treatment session." For variables regarding patient satisfaction, significant differences between test and control groups were found for questions regarding patient involvement with the treatment and patient satisfaction with the outcome of multidisciplinary treatment. Regarding practitioner satisfaction, the results of the questionnaire indicate that implementation of pathways into everyday clinical practice is desired but remains difficult. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study show that the implementation of pathways in multidisciplinary oral health care improved some aspects of the process of care and increased patient satisfaction. The predictive capability of the Medical Patient Management program in managing oral health care has been demonstrated.status: publishe

Fracture strength of resin-bonded dental prostheses with a rigid vs non-rigid joint. An in vitro study

This in vitro study investigated whether a resin-bonded dental prosthesis (RBDP) with a hyperstatic, rigid joint was preferable to an isostatic, nonrigid construction in terms of debonding and fracture strength. RBDPs replacing a missing molar with a rigid (design I) or a resilient model (design II) were compared to a commercially available system (Crownless Bridge Work) (design III, control). All groups were subjected to thermocycling (TC) and dynamic mechanical loading (ML) in a dual-axis chewing simulator (TC: 6,000 x 5 degrees C/55 degrees C; ML: 1,200,000 x 49 N x 1.4 Hz). None of the RBDPs of design III showed movement or fracture during the test period. Significant differences between designs I and III (P= .0049) and between designs II and III (P = .0007) were noted. Despite a tendency for lower fracture values of design I, no significant differences could be established between the test designs with a rigid or nonrigid construction. The commercially available dental prosthesis with a nonrigid joint was confirmed to resist a 5-year survival simulation.status: publishe

The effect of loading on peri-implant bone: a critical review of the literature

In the 90s, there was a general belief that mechanical overloading was one of the main reasons for late implant failure. This triggered research to assess the role of mechanical loading on the establishment and the maintenance of oral implant osseointegration. Animal experimental studies indeed suggested the potential detrimental effect of excessive mechanical load on peri-implant bone, although randomised or controlled clinical trials of treatment interventions of oral implants designed to study overload are lacking. The lack of quantification of so-called overload at the implant level in the intra-oral setting is one of the main shortcomings in the literature. The level of evidence of the studies on bone response to implant loading is weak and does not indicate that overload can lead to peri-implant bone loss, except in case of inflammation. Clinical and animal experimental studies on early and immediate implant loading, however, provide information on the impact of mechanical loading on the process of osseointegration. It is obvious that micromotion between the implant and host tissues compromises osseointegration. However, in case of an efficient force transfer between implant and surrounding tissues, mechanical loading might even stimulate peri-implant bone formation and therefore osseointegration.status: publishe

Feasibility of detecting trabecular bone around percutaneous titanium implants in rabbits by in vivo microfocus computed tomography

Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the feasibility of in vivo imaging of trabecular bone around titanium implants by means of microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) and the use of rabbits for this purpose. Materials and Methods: Ten male rabbits type Hollander, received a titanium implant (1.7 mm diameter and 10 mm length) in the trabecular bone of the left tibia. Seven weeks later a micro-CT scan was taken. Four rabbits were used to monitor potential harmful effects from X-ray absorption until 4 weeks after scanning. A second group of six rabbits was used for testing the hypothesis that a good correlation exists between in vivo micro-CT images and histological images of trabecular bone around titanium implants. The six rabbits were scanned and sacrificed immediately. The tibias were extracted and submitted to standard histological procedures. This resulted in a total of 12 histological sections and their corresponding 12 micro-CT images. Bone area measurements were performed at the left and right side of the implant in three regions: 0–500, 500–1000 and 1000–1500 μm distance from the implant interface. Intra-class correlations (ICC) were calculated between both techniques. Results: The four rabbits did not show any sign of radiodermatitis 4 weeks after scanning. In the micro-CT images of the group of six rabbits, trabeculae are visible, but not well defined, due to the presence of noise in the image. The ICC for the right implant side were 0.44 for zone 0–500 μm, 0.48 for zone 500–1000 μm and 0.40 for zone 1000–1500 μm. The ICC for the left implant side could not be calculated. Conclusion: A low agreement was found between the bone measurements from histology and in vivo micro-CT images. The use of the in vivo micro-CT for trabecular bone imaging around metallic implants should be restricted to track tendencies in follow-up studies.status: publishe

Occlusal overload and bone/implant loss

Aim The aim of this search was to assess the biological consequences that overload might have on already osseointegrated oral implants through a systematic screening of the scientific literature. Method Detailed searches through PUBMED, OVID, EMBASE and LILACS databases were made. Articles published up to December 2011 and those reported on the clinical, radiographic and/or histological outcome of oral implants subjected to so-called overload were considered eligible for inclusion. Identified studies were assessed by one non-blinded reviewer according to well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. When doubt arose, the co-authors were counselled until final agreement was obtained. The PICO questions formulated was:“what is the effect of overload vs. no overload on bone/implant loss in clinically stable implants?” Results The database searches as well as additional hand searching, resulted in 726 potentially relevant titles. Eventually, 16 clinical and 25 animal studies were considered relevant to the topic. After inclusion/exclusion criteria assessment, all clinical studies and all but three animal studies and one systematic review were considered at high risk of bias and excluded. The included animal studies did not reveal an association between overload and peri-implant bone loss in the absence of peri-implant inflammation, whereas in its presence, overload seemed to aggravate the peri-implant tissue breakdown. Conclusions The effect of implant overload on bone/implant loss in clinically well-integrated implants is poorly reported and provides little unbiased evidence to support a cause-and-effect relationship. The PICO question remained unanswered. At the animal level, “overload”, mimicked by supra-occlusal contacts acting in an uninflamed peri-implant environment, did not negatively affect osseointegration and even was anabolic. In contrast, supra-occlusal contacts in the presence of inflammation significantly increased the plaque-induced bone resorption.status: publishe

Early cellular responses in cortical bone healing around unloaded titanium implants: an animal study

BACKGROUND: A clear understanding of the early cellular events leading to osseointegration of implants is currently lacking. To gain better insight, titanium implants were inserted in a rabbit model and histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed at early time points after insertion. METHODS: Thirty-six cylindrical implants were inserted in the tibial diaphysis of six rabbits and left to heal for 1 to 42 days. Samples were processed into paraffin or methylmethacrylate sections, on which the surface of new bone, region of altered nuclear morphology, relative surface of basic multicellular units (BMUs) and blood vessels, and bone-to-implant contact were measured. RESULTS: After coagulum formation, osteoclasts and osteoblasts were observed at the bone surface 1 week after healing. In the preexisting bone, osteocytic lacunae appeared to be devoid of cells. This region of altered nuclear morphology continued to extend for 28 days (P <0.05) after implant insertion. This expansion was accompanied by an invasion of the damaged bone by BMUs that initiated intensive bone remodeling, which reached its maximum after 4 weeks (P <0.05) but was ongoing after 6 weeks of implant insertion. CONCLUSIONS: This study evaluated the early cellular events in cortical bone surrounding titanium implants. The insertion of an implant into bone initiates a series of biologic processes, including the formation of a hematoma, altered nuclear morphology of the osteocytes surrounding the implantation site, intensive bone remodeling, and the formation of new bone, eventually leading to the osseointegration of the implant.status: publishe