TRANSFECCIÓN DE ADN A CÉLULAS DE ANIMALES COMO HERRAMIENTAS UTILIZADAS EN BIOTECNOLOGÍA ANIMAL

Transfection is a process that involves inserting nucleotides into a cell, with the final product being transgenesis. In recent decades different methods have been developed such as biological, physical and chemical processes that have allowed the introduction of nucleotides into cells. In this review, some important aspects of the most used transfection methods in recent years, and their efficiency in the development of the industry, will be addressed. It concludes with an analysis of the ethical debates that have been generated within the field of animal biotechnology.La transfección es un proceso que consiste en introducir nucleótidos en una célula, cuyo producto final es la transgénesis. En las últimas décadas se vienen desarrollando diferentes tipos de métodos como: biológicos, físicos y químicos que han permitido realizar esta introducción de nucleótidos hacia las células. En está revisión se abordarán algunos aspectos importantes de los métodos de transfección más utilizados en los últimos años, y su eficiencia en el desarrollo de la industria. Se concluye con el análisis de los debates éticos que se han ido generando dentro del ámbito de la biotecnología animal

Taylor-dispersion induced phase separation for efficient characterisation of protein condensate formation

Biomolecular condensates have emerged as important structures in cellular function and disease, and are thought to form through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Thorough and efficient in vitro experiments are therefore needed to elucidate the driving forces of protein LLPS and the possibility to modulate it with drugs. Here we present Taylor dispersion induced phase separation (TDIPS), a method to robustly measure condensation phenomena using a commercially available microfluidic platform. It uses only nano-liters of sample, does not require extrinsic fluorescent labels, and is straightforward to implement. We demonstrate TDIPS by screening the phase behaviour of two proteins that form biomolecular condensates in vivo, PGL-3 and Ddx4. Uniquely accessible to this method, we find an unexpected re-entrant behaviour at very low ionic strength, where LLPS is inhibited for both proteins. TDIPS can also probe the reversibility of assemblies, which was shown for both α-synuclein and for lysozyme, relevant for health and biotechnology, respectively. Finally, we highlight how effective inhibition concentrations and partitioning of LLPS-modifying compounds can be screened highly efficiently