Measurement of normal ocular volume by the use of computed tomography

Background: Reduction or increase in ocular volume may indicate ocular pathology. Unfortunately the reference values utilized for ocular volume had been that of non-Africans. It is therefore pertinent to have a reference value of normal for Africans.Objective: To document the computer tomography (CT) scan measured ocular volume in Benin City, which may serve as a reference for African.Materials and Methods: The ocular volume of 200 consecutive ‘normal’ patients (400 eyes) who had CT scan done (using Somatom AR.T, CT scanner, and Siemens) was calculated. The dimensions were obtained at mid-ocular axial slices with maximum anterior-posterior dimension and maximum size of the eye lens.Result: The mean (mean ± 2 SD) ocular volume for both eyes was 5282.23 mm3±1755.13 mm3 (right eye was 5264.26 mm3 ± 1781.12 mm3; left eye was 5300.20 mm3 ± 1771.57 mm3). The mean ocular volumes was different for either eyeball and sex (in males the right eye was 5289.80 mm3, left eye was 5224.31 mm3; while in females the right eye was 5338.18 mm3, left eye was 5240.79 mm3). Ocular volume correlated with the patients’ ages P = 0.006 for the right eye, P = 0.008 for the left eye and P = 0.006 for total eyeball volume.Conclusion: Ocular volume correlated positively with the age of the patients to about 50 years after which some reduction was observed. We noted that males had slightly larger eyeballs in comparison to females, although not at statistical significant level.Key words: Computed tomography, CT, eye volume, ocular volum

A comparative study of the second and third trimester of pregnancy, umbilical artery doppler velocimetry indices in Benin-City.

Introduction: Doppler evaluation of the umbilical artery is a standard foetal surveillance undertaken globally to assess for foetal well-being. We undertook this study to establish the normal reference values of foetal umbilical artery Doppler indices in our environment. Methods: One hundred and fifty five women with uncomplicated pregnancies were recruited voluntarily into the study. The free floating middle third segments of the umbilical arteries were interrogated by Doppler triplex scan using a 3.5MHz curvi-linear probe of Philips HDI 4000. Statistical analysis was by SPSS version 16. Results: The mean age of the women was 29 years and their average gravidity was 2. The mean value of the foetal umbilical artery was PSV 41.7cm/s, EDV 18.6cm/s, MeanV 25.2cm/s, RI 0.57, PI 0.98 and S/D 2.83. The values of PSV, EDV and MeanV were higher in 3rd trimester when compared with 2nd trimester foetuses, whereas RI, PI and S/D were lesser. All the measured Doppler indices correlated with gestation age of the foetuses. Conclusion: Local values of umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry indices were obtained in this study which may be adopted as normative values in Benin City.Keywords: Umbilical artery, doppler velocimetry, normal Doppler indices, umbilical Doppler, foetal Doppler

Sensitivity of Plain Sinus Radiographs at Detecting Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis in Patients Who Had Maxillary Antral Lavage in Benin-City

Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses and it is better referred to as rhinosinusitis as it usually involves the nasal cavities. It is a common illness world-wide and can be diagnosed clinically, radiologically, by laboratory evaluation or antral procedures. The antral radiographs of 83 patients who had maxillary antral lavage done were retrieved and the findings recorded. Similarly the antral lavage findings were also recorded. The radiographs were reported by trained radiologists while the antral lavages were done by trained otorhinolaryngologists. The data were then analyzed using SPSS version 17 with the level of statistical significance set at 0.05. Binary classification test was conducted for the right and left maxillary sinuses separately. Chronic sinusitis of the left maxillary antra occurred more commonly than the right. There was significant correlation between radiographic and antral findings. High proportion of false positives and negatives were reported and the binary classification tests for each maxillary sinus showed that the sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were not high and the specificity was low. The sensitivity pattern of sinus radiography at detecting chronic sinusitis is not high. Radiography may only be utilized for the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis in areas where better imaging modalities like CT or MRI are unavailable or not justified

Knowledge of Ultrasound Safety in Pregnancy among radiologists and other Health Workers in Nigeria.

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