<原著論文>大学選手およびV リーグ選手のバレーボールにおけるスパイクの打ち分け : A クイックに着目して

This study aimed to obtain useful suggestions for coaching, by clarifying the characteristics of changing the direction of A quick, by motion analysis. On applying motion analysis to a total of 6 middle blockers in university, or men`s V・ Challenge League specializing in quick attack, it was found that there was a difference in changing direction of A quick. This study obtained useful suggestions for coaching due to the above. To change the direction of A quick, there are three important methods: 1. changing direction by movement of the trunk rather than the shoulder joint, and shifting the impact point by half on the ball indirection in which the player wants to hit. 2. In case the player wants to hit the ball to cross, twisting the player’s body largely backward from takeoff to taking back and shifting the impact point to the right side, rather than hitting by turning, and stooping the trunk to transmit force to the ball for impact. 3. In case the player wants to hit the ball by turning, he does not twist his body backward from takeoff to taking back and shifting the impact point to the left side, rather than hitting to cross, without stooping the trunk in order to obtain space for swinging, and bending the trunk to the left, in order to transmit force to the ball

Visualization of collateral channels with coronary computed tomography angiography for the retrograde approach in percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion

[Background] There have been no reports about the diagnostic ability of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in evaluating collateral channels used for retrograde chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). [Objective] We investigated the ability and diagnostic accuracy of coronary CTA compared with invasive coronary angiography to detect collaterals used in retrograde CTO PCI and to compared the success rates for wire crossing between collaterals that are detectable and not detectable in coronary CTA. [Methods] We retrospectively reviewed data from 43 patients (55 collaterals) who underwent coronary CTA and PCI for CTO with the retrograde approach. We compared the ability of coronary CTA to visualize collaterals to invasive coronary angiography and evaluated the rates of successful wire crossing between CTA-visible and invisible collaterals. [Results] The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of coronary CTA for detecting collaterals which were used for the retrograde approach was 100.0%, 50.0%, 65.9%, 100.0%, and 74.5%, respectively. Guidewire collateral crossing was more successful in CT-visible collaterals than those not detectable in CT (74.1% vs. 46.4%, p = 0.034). There were fewer collateral vessel injuries in CTA-visible collaterals (11.1% vs. 32.1%, p = 0.041). [Conclusion] Coronary CTA provides good visualization of collaterals used in retrograde CTO PCI. For retrograde guidewire crossing, a higher success rate with fewer complications was observed in CTA-visible collaterals than in those not detectable in coronary CTA

Effects of Probiotics on the Expression and Localization of Avian β-defensins in the Proventriculus of Broiler Chicks

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of probiotics-feeding on the gene expression and protein localization of avian β-defensins (AvBDs) in the proventriculus of broiler chicks. Male broiler chicks were arranged in 3 groups: control group, probiotics group I and probiotics group II, which were fed with starter rations containing 0%, 0.2% or 0.4% probiotics, respectively, from day 0 (D0; at one day old) to D14. Proventriculi in all groups were collected at D0, D7 and D14 for analysis of AvBDs expression and AvBD12 protein localization. The expression of AvBDs genes was examined by reverse transcription-PCR and changes in the expression upon probiotics-feeding were examined by real-time PCR. The AvBD12 localization was examined by immunohistochemistry, and density of immunoreaction products was examined by image analysis under a microscope. Out of 14 AvBDs genes, seven AvBDs were detected in the proventriculus of chicks, namely, AvBD1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10 and 12. The expression of the 7 detected genes did not show any significant differences between control and probiotics groups at D7 and D14. The immunoreactive (ir) -AvBD12 was localized in surface epithelium and cells in the connective tissues of proventricular glands. The ir-AvBD12 density in surface epithelium was significantly higher at D7 than at D0 or D14 in control group. At D7 and D14, the ir-AvBD12 density was significantly lower in probiotics groups than in control group. The ir-AvBD12 cells in proventricular gland increased in number with age; however, there were no significant differences between control and probiotics groups at D7 and D14. These results suggest that, although probiotics-feeding does not affect the gene expression of AvBDs, it may induce AvBD12 secretion from the surface epithelium of the proventriculus in broiler chicks