AGE, GENDER, AND MUSCLE STRENGTH: A STUDY BASED ON INDONESIAN SAMPLES

Age and gender have been commonly used as a main criterion in accepting a job aplicant, but it is usually not clear how these affect job performance. While a number of recent studies have been done that describe the relationships between age, gender, and participants capacity (e.g., muscle strength), the results have been inconclusive. In Indonesia, in particular, such issues have been rarely investigated, and it is still important to study the issue since the relationships between these factors are population-specific. This study aimed at describing the relationships between age and muscle strength among workers for both genders. Ninety-six male and female workers (aged 18–65) were recruited in this study, and data on handgrip and lower back strength were collected. Findings of this study show that peak hand-grip strength occured at the age of around 35-40 years of age, regardless of gender. Maximum lower back strengh was identified at the age of 31-35 years old (for males) and 26-30 years old (for females). Comparisons between two extreme age groups (18-20 vs. 61-65 years of age) showed a mean strength decline of 50% for hand-grip and 30% for the lower back. For both protocols, female participants tended to have lower muscle strength (70-80% of their male counterparts). Findings of this study can be used as a basis in evaluating physical requirements of a job, and the corresponding factors (age and gender) relevant for the job.Keywords: age, capability, gender, handgrip strength, lower back strengt

An Analysis of EEG Changes during Prolonged Simulated Driving for the Assessment of Driver Fatigue

Fatigue during driving is the main contributing factor to road accidents. It is influenced by time on task (TOT) and time of day (TOD). Recent electroencephalogram (EEG) research on fatigue assessment has shown a promising result in explaining the fatigue phenomenon. However, different findings exist regarding the best EEG parameters related to fatigue. This study examined EEG changes according to the effect of TOT and TOD and determined the best parameters to distinguish fatigue status. To generate driver fatigue, prolonged driving in the morning and at night in a simulator was conducted. The EEG signal was collected from 28 male participants at frontal and occipital areas. The EEG power (brainwave) was determined from the first and last 5 minutes of the driving task and after a break of 30 minutes. The results of this study showed a general tendency of EEG power changing throughout the driving sessions. However, changes related to fatigue were only found for the night sessions, as confirmed by q power and the subjective fatigue measurement result. This study showed that TOT (as a factor that induces fatigue) was explained by q from the frontal area, whereas TOD was differentiated by a, q, q/b, (q+a)/b and (q+a)/(b+a)

Linking Basic Human Values, Risk Perception, Risk Behavior and Accident Rates: The Road to Occupational Safety

To improve occupational safety, it is necessary to consider both management and individual approaches. The individual approach includes internal factors such as basic human values, risk perception, risk behavior and experience of accidents; the aim of this study is to observe the link between these. 104 workers from the forging and casting department of an Indonesian military tools manufacturer participated voluntarily in the study. They were asked to complete a set of questionnaires, consisting of a portrait value questionnaire to assess personal basic human values, a risk perception and safety questionnaire to assess risk perception and risk behavior, and a self-reported accident questionnaire. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and bivariate correlation were applied to observe the links between basic human values, risk perception, risk behavior and accident rates. The results show that the basic human value that influences risk perception is that of power. Risk perception correlates with risk behavior, and risk behavior correlates with accident rates. The implications of the results are that occupational safety can be achieved through individual approaches based on basic human values and risk perception. &nbsp

Effect Of Driving Duration On Eeg Fluctuations

Road accident is a leading problem in Indonesia that increases every year. Based on previous studies, mental fatigue is one of the biggest sources of road accident, that is majorly affected by mental workload. Driving duration is one of factors that triggers mental fatigue. Previous literature stated that Electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement is a gold standard to measure fatigue. However, there was limited study that addressing EEG indicators that affected by driving duration, and the previous research still had disagreements regarding the best EEG parameter to measure fatigue. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate driving duration effect towards EEG fluctuation and determine the best EEG parameter related to fatigue. Seven participants were asked three hours driving in medium fidelity simulator. One-way ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed on the analysis to measure the effect of driving duration towards EEG indicator and determine the correlation of indicator. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was also utilized to determine the best variable that correlates with subjective sleepiness indices. The results showed that in the end of 3 hours driving, there was an increment of delta and theta activities, followed by decrement of alpha and beta activities. In addition, the correlation of all bands were significant, with positive result of alpha-beta band and theta-delta band, and negative result towards each other. Furthermore, results from Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve showed that RPR of theta, RPR of alpha, and ratio of ?/?+? as the best indicators among others, that had accuracy of high degree (above 85%)

THE EFFECTS OF FOOD AND DRINK INTAKE TO DRIVING PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Human-related factors are considered to be the main cause of traffic incidents or accidents, causing 69.70% of the incidents. Several studies have been conducted to identify the relationship between drowsiness or fatigue and driving performance. Furthermore, a number of other studies not only discussed the symptoms causing drowsiness but also tried to investigate related factors that cause sleepiness or fatigue while driving. On the other hand, some discussed the quantity and quality of sleep as well as food and drink intake before and while driving. This systematic review, which is based on the PRISMA method, aims to map previous studies that investigated the effect of different food/drink consumption, either taken prior to driving or while driving, on the on-road driving characteristics of drivers. Furthermore, this article is expected to serve as a reference for further research that could potentially contribute to minimizing driving errors that lead to incident or accident. From 1871 articles screened, 7 studies related to food/drink intake and driving performance were reviewed. On the basis of the existing studies, no real evidence showing the presence of the association between food intake and the monotony of the road to decrease the driving performance has been found; therefore, further research is needed

AKTIVITAS SEKUNDER AUDIO UNTUK MENJAGA KEWASPADAAN PENGEMUDI MOBIL INDONESIA

Tingkat kecelakaan lalu lintas yang melibatkan mobil di Indonesia semakin mengkhawatirkan. Tingginya peran faktor manusia sebagai penyebab utama kejadian kecelakaan patut diperhatikan. Penurunan kewaspadaan saat mengemudi akibat kantuk atau kelelahan merupakan salah satu kondisi yang mendorong terjadinya kecelakaan. Tulisan ini memaparkan aplikasi audio response test sebagai aktivitas sekunder dalam mengemudikan mobil. Response test yang dimaksud merupakan seperangkat aplikasi pada dashboard mobil yang menuntut respon pengemudi setiap stimulus suara bekerja. Audio response test ini diusulkan sebagai pemantau tingkat kewaspadaan pengemudi selama berkendara. Kewaspadaan pengemudi merupakan kondisi selama berkendara yang terjaga, awas, dan mampu memproses semua stimulus dengan baik. Hasil studi ini menghasilkan suatu bentuk audio response test yang terintegrasi dengan sistem berkendara di dalam mobil. Sumber bunyi diperdengarkan dengan intensitas konstan antara 80-85 dB. Bunyi akan berhenti jika pengemudi memberikan respon atas stimulus suara tersebut. Response test ini dirancang untuk mampu memantau tingkat kewaspadaan pengemudi selama berkendara. Penerapannya diharapkan mampu membantu menekan tingkat kecelakaan lalu lintas di Indonesia. Kata kunci: mengemudi, aktivitas sekunder, audio, kewaspadaan, response test   Abstract   The level of traffic accidents involving cars in Indonesia increasingly alarming. The high role of the human factor as the main cause of accident noteworthy. Decreased alertness while driving due to sleepiness or fatigue is one of the conditions that led to the accident. This paper describes an audio application response test as a secondary activity of driving a car. Response test is a set of applications on the dashboard of a car that demands a response driver each stimulus voice work. Audio response was proposed as test monitors the driver's level of alertness while driving. Vigilance driver was driving conditions during the awake, alert, and able to process all the stimulus well. The results of this study generate some form of audio response test that is integrated with the system drive in the car. Sound source is played with constant intensity between 80-85 dB. The sound will stop if the driver to respond to the sound stimulus. Response test is designed to be capable of monitoring the driver's level of alertness while driving. Its application is expected to help reduce the rate of traffic accidents in Indonesia. Keywords: driving, secondary activities, audio, alertness, response tes

Incorporating Hofstede’ National Culture in Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS): Cases of Indonesian Aviation Safety

National culture plays an important role in the application of ergonomics and safety. This research examined role of national culture in accident analysis of Indonesian aviation using framework of Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). 53 Indonesian aviation accidents during year of 2001-2012 were analyzed using the HFACS framework by authors and were validated to 14 air-transport experts in Indonesia. National culture is viewed with Hofstede’ lens of national culture. Result shows that high collectivistic, low uncertainty avoidance, high power distance, and masculinity dimension which are characteristics of Indonesian culture, play an important role in Indonesian aviation accident and should be incorporated within HFACS. Result is discussed in relation with HFACS and Indonesian aviation accident analysis

Incorporating Hofstede’ National Culture in Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS): Cases of Indonesian Aviation Safety

National culture plays an important role in the application of ergonomics and safety. This research examined role of national culture in accident analysis of Indonesian aviation using framework of Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). 53 Indonesian aviation accidents during year of 2001-2012 were analyzed using the HFACS framework by authors and were validated to 14 air-transport experts in Indonesia. National culture is viewed with Hofstede’ lens of national culture. Result shows that high collectivistic, low uncertainty avoidance, high power distance, and masculinity dimension which are characteristics of Indonesian culture, play an important role in Indonesian aviation accident and should be incorporated within HFACS. Result is discussed in relation with HFACS and Indonesian aviation accident analysis

An Analysis of EEG Changes during Prolonged Simulated Driving for the Assessment of Driver Fatigue

Fatigue during driving is the main contributing factor to road accidents. It is influenced by time on task (TOT) and time of day (TOD). Recent electroencephalogram (EEG) research on fatigue assessment has shown a promising result in explaining the fatigue phenomenon. However, different findings exist regarding the best EEG parameters related to fatigue. This study examined EEG changes according to the effect of TOT and TOD and determined the best parameters to distinguish fatigue status. To generate driver fatigue, prolonged driving in the morning and at night in a simulator was conducted. The EEG signal was collected from 28 male participants at frontal and occipital areas. The EEG power (brainwave) was determined from the first and last 5 minutes of the driving task and after a break of 30 minutes. The results of this study showed a general tendency of EEG power changing throughout the driving sessions. However, changes related to fatigue were only found for the night sessions, as confirmed by q power and the subjective fatigue measurement result. This study showed that TOT (as a factor that induces fatigue) was explained by q from the frontal area, whereas TOD was differentiated by a, q, q/b, (q+a)/b and (q+a)/(b+a)