Optimalisasi Produksi Peralatan Gali-Muat dan Angkut pada Penambangan Batubara di PT. Alfa Riung Jaya Tanah Laut Kalimantan Selatan

PT. Alfa Riung Jaya merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang pertambangan batubara yang berlokasi di Desa Batalang, Kecamatan Djorong, Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Kalimantan Selatan. PT. Alfa Riung Jaya menetapkan target produksi batubara untuk jobsite Pit C sebesar 150.000 ton/bulan menggunakan kombinasi alat mekanis 2 unit excavator Caterpillar 340DL dan 7 unit dump truck Scania P380CB dengan jarak pengangkutan menuju stockpile 984 meter. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah belum tercapainya produksi dari alat muat dan alat angkut sehingga target produksi belum tercapai, terutama pada jobsite Pit C PT. Alfa Riung Jaya. Kemampuan produksi saat ini untuk alat muat sebesar 271.711,96 ton/bulan dan untuk alat angkut sebesar 126.410,76 ton/bulan. Upaya peningkatan produksi dapat dilakukan dengan cara menambah 1 kali pengisian bucket dump truck serta perbaikan di faktor – faktor yang menyebabkan tidak tercapainya target produksi. Setelah dilakukan perbaikan, kemampuan penangkutan batubara meningkat dari 271.711,96 ton/bulan menjadi 305.675,96 ton/bulan untuk alat muat dan 126.410,76 ton/bulan menjadi 179.884,96 ton/bulan untuk alat angkut

A systematic review of the effectiveness of docetaxel and mitoxantrone for the treatment of metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer

A systematic review was performed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of docetaxel in combination with prednisolone (docetaxel is licensed in the UK for use in combination with prednisone or prednisolone for the treatment of patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Prednisone is not used in the UK, but it is reasonable to use docetaxel plus prednisone data in this review of docetaxel plus prednisolone) for the treatment of metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. A scoping search identified a trial of docetaxel plus prednisone vs mitoxantrone plus prednisone, but did not identify any trials comparing docetaxel plus prednisolone/prednisone with any other treatments. Therefore, we considered additional indirect evidence that would enable a comparison of docetaxel plus prednisolone/prednisone with other chemotherapy regimens and active supportive care. Systematic searching (upto April 2005) identified seven randomised controlled trials. One large well-conducted trial assessed docetaxel plus prednisone vs mitoxantrone plus prednisone; this showed statistically significant improvements with 3-weekly docetaxel in terms of overall survival, quality of life, pain response and PSA decline. Two other chemotherapy regimens that included docetaxel with estramustine also showed improved outcomes in comparison with mitoxantrone plus prednisone. Three trials that compared mitoxantrone plus corticosteroids with corticosteroids alone were identified and their results for overall survival combined, which showed very little difference between the two groups. The addition of clodronate to mitoxantrone plus prednisone showed no significant differences in comparison with mitoxantrone plus prednisone alone. The evidence suggests that chemotherapy regimens containing 3-weekly docetaxel are superior to mitoxantrone or corticosteroids alone

Energetics of jets from X-ray binaries

I discuss the energetics of synchrotron-emitting outflows, increasingly found to be present in many different classes of X-ray binary systems. It is shown that the outflow is likely to be comparable in power to the integrated X-ray luminosity, traditionally taken to be an indicator of the global mass-transfer rate. This is especially found to be the case in the (low/)hard states of black hole candidate systems. I conclude that jets are extremely important, energetically and dynamically, for the accretion process in the majority of known X-ray binary systems.Comment: To be published in `Proceedings of the Third Microquasar Workshop: Granada Workshop on galactic relativistic jet sources', Eds A. J. Castro-Tirado, J. Greiner and J. M. Paredes, Astrophysics and Space Science, in pres

Dimeticone 4% liquid gel found to kill all lice and eggs with a single 15 minute application

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dimeticone 4% lotion is an effective and widely accepted treatment for head louse infestation. However, it is a highly mobile fluid that some people find difficult to apply and is mainly left on the hair for 8 hours or overnight. User preference is for a more manageable and viscous product that can be used with a short application time.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>This proof of concept study in 41 people investigated dimeticone 4% liquid gel, a product that is easier to apply than the lotion, applied for 15 minutes on two occasions a week apart. We found that head lice were eliminated from all participants following the first application of product. We did not find lice of any stage on any participant during four post treatment assessments and particularly, unlike other treatments, no young nymphs on days 1 and 6 prior to the second treatment, indicating ovicidal as well as pediculicidal activity.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Dimeticone 4% liquid gel has demonstrated efficacy greater than other similar products and the evidence obtained indicates elimination of head louse infestation with a single 15 minute application.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials <a href="http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN59227204">ISRCTN59227204</a></p

Near-merger in Hong Kong Cantonese tones: a behavioural and ERP study

Near-merger is a recalcitrant phenomenon in sound change in which speakers are able to differentiate two sounds in production but consistently report that they are the same in perception. This phenomenon challenges the dominant models of phonological processing, and raises methodological questions whether speakers’ judgment can truly reflect their ability to discriminate speech sounds. The present study attempts to provide a thorough assessment of this intriguing phenomenon through performing behavioural and ERP studies on the perception of a tonal contrast (T4/T6) in Hong Kong Cantonese which has been reported to exhibit near-merger in previous studies. The behavioural study adopts auditory discrimination and oral production tasks, whereas the ERP study employs passive oddball task to elicit MMNs. Preliminary findings showed that the results of ERP measures were consistent with that of the behavioural measures. MMNs were found in participants who could discriminate the two tones whereas no MMN was found in participants who failed to discriminate them behaviourally. These initial observations are not only consistent with the existence of near-merger, but also mark the beginning of research efforts into understanding this baffling phenomenon.postprint第3届语言音调方面国际研讨会 (TAL 2012),中国, 南京, 2012年5月26-29日.The 3rd International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages (TAL 2012), Nanjing, China, 26-29 May 2012

Hyaluronidase Coated Molecular Envelope Technology Nanoparticles Enhance Drug Absorption via the Subcutaneous Route

Parenteral chemotherapy is usually administered intravenously, although patient preference and health economics suggest the subcutaneous (sc) route could be an attractive alternative. However, due to the low aqueous solubility of hydrophobic drugs and injection volume limitations, the total amount of drug that can be administered in a single sc injection is frequently insufficient. We have developed hyaluronidase coated nanoparticles (NPs) that efficiently encapsulate such drugs, thus addressing both issues and allowing sufficient amounts of hydrophobic drug to be administered and absorbed effectively. CUDC-101, a poorly water-soluble multitargeted anticancer drug that simultaneously inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) EGFR and HER2, as well as histone deacetylase (HDAC), was encapsulated in polymeric Molecular Envelope Technology (MET) NPs. The role of polymer chemistry, formulation parameters, and coating with hyaluronidase (HYD) on MET-CUDC-101 NP formulations was examined and optimized to yield high drug loading and colloidal stability, and, after freeze-drying, stable storage at room temperature for up to 90 days. The pharmacokinetic studies in healthy rats showed that plasma AUC0-24h after sc administration correlates tightly with formulation physical chemistry, specifically in vitro colloidal stability. Compared to uncoated NPs, the HYD-coating doubled the drug plasma exposure. In a murine A431 xenograft model, the coated HYD-MET-CUDC-101 NPs at a dose equivalent to 90 mg kg-1 CUDC-101 increased the survival time from 15 days (control animals treated with hyaluronidase alone) to 43 days. Polymer MET nanoparticles coated with hyaluronidase enabled the subcutaneous delivery of a hydrophobic drug with favorable therapeutic outcomes

Sources of Relativistic Jets in the Galaxy

Black holes of stellar mass and neutron stars in binary systems are first detected as hard X-ray sources using high-energy space telescopes. Relativistic jets in some of these compact sources are found by means of multiwavelength observations with ground-based telescopes. The X-ray emission probes the inner accretion disk and immediate surroundings of the compact object, whereas the synchrotron emission from the jets is observed in the radio and infrared bands, and in the future could be detected at even shorter wavelengths. Black-hole X-ray binaries with relativistic jets mimic, on a much smaller scale, many of the phenomena seen in quasars and are thus called microquasars. Because of their proximity, their study opens the way for a better understanding of the relativistic jets seen elsewhere in the Universe. From the observation of two-sided moving jets it is inferred that the ejecta in microquasars move with relativistic speeds similar to those believed to be present in quasars. The simultaneous multiwavelength approach to microquasars reveals in short timescales the close connection between instabilities in the accretion disk seen in the X-rays, and the ejection of relativistic clouds of plasma observed as synchrotron emission at longer wavelengths. Besides contributing to a deeper comprehension of accretion disks and jets, microquasars may serve in the future to determine the distances of jet sources using constraints from special relativity, and the spin of black holes using general relativity.Comment: 39 pages, Tex, 8 figures, to appear in vol. 37 (1999) of Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysic

Muscle synergies in chronic stroke during a robot-assisted wrist training

Author name used in this publication: X. L. HuAuthor name used in this publication: K. Y. TongAuthor name used in this publication: R. SongAuthor name used in this publication: K. H. LuiRefereed conference paper2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Refereed conference paperVersion of RecordPublishe

In-Network Outlier Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

To address the problem of unsupervised outlier detection in wireless sensor networks, we develop an approach that (1) is flexible with respect to the outlier definition, (2) computes the result in-network to reduce both bandwidth and energy usage,(3) only uses single hop communication thus permitting very simple node failure detection and message reliability assurance mechanisms (e.g., carrier-sense), and (4) seamlessly accommodates dynamic updates to data. We examine performance using simulation with real sensor data streams. Our results demonstrate that our approach is accurate and imposes a reasonable communication load and level of power consumption.Comment: Extended version of a paper appearing in the Int'l Conference on Distributed Computing Systems 200