Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the pediatric age: the role of the dentist

Sleep disordered breathing in children designates a wide spectrum of respiratory disorders characterized by partial or complete obstruction of the upper airways. It ranges from primary snoring, its mildest clinical manifestation, to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS): complete obstruction of the upper airways with cessation of airflow. The aim of this paper is to highlight the roles of the pediatric dentist and the orthodontist in the therapeutic approach to pediatric OSAS as a "sentinel" who can detect early signs of the disease for immediate referral to the otolaryngologist and as an active participant in therapy

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: evaluation of a modified bite device to prevent bite injuries

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a serious form of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency, a hereditary purinemetabolismdisorder. The prevalence reported in the literature is 1/380,000 to 235,000 births. Males are affected and females are heterozygous carriers. LNS patients present a combination of hypotonia, spasticity, and neurological and behavioral disorders. They also show an obsessive-compulsive self-injurious behavior with bites and injuries to the lips, tongue, cheeks and fingers. The literature offers little scientific contribution related to the management of this problem. The authors describe their experience with a 4-year-old LNS patient and present a viable solution to control and avoid bite injuries, namely a specifically modified bite. The patient was treated at the Pediatric Dentistry Department of "Sapienza" University of Rome with a modified bite with the internal surface, in contact with the teeth, realized in 2-mm-thick soft silicone, and the exterior part consisting of a transparent resin shell with front and rear shields to separate lips and cheeks from the dental arches. At a 12-month follow-up visit, compliance was excellent: the child wore the device with regularity and without discomfort, even during soft-food feeding. No intraoral bite injuries were found, with a general improvement of the young patient's quality of life

La realidad uruguaya sobre el teletrabajo

La siguiente ponencia tiene como objetivo estudiar el teletrabajo en el derecho uruguayo desde una óptica jurídica. Como nueva modalidad en la contratación laboral, el teletrabajo impacta en las relaciones humanas y de derecho. A esos efectos, se exponen las diferentes modalidades existentes de teletrabajo, sus ventajas y desventajas, las formas en que diferentes países lo han regulado y se refieren algunos casos jurisprudenciales nacionales e internacionales. Atento a que el teletrabajo implica el uso de TIC, la creación de normas y jurisprudencia no es tan veloz como el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías, lo que desencadena situaciones difíciles de resolver. Asimismo se analiza si el teletrabajo puede considerarse como un contrato informático, exponiendo las distintas teorías existentes y se refieren algunas estadísticas y recomendaciones existentes al respecto. Por último, se arriban a algunas conclusiones acerca de la realidad actual del teletrabajo en el Uruguay.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Bond strength of self-adhesive flowable composites and glass ionomer cements to primary teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies

Background: Conventional composites are largely used in pediatric restorative dentistry and demonstrate successful clinical outcomes. However, the need for simplification of operative steps in young or uncooperative children demands reliable alternatives. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the in vitro bond strength of glass ionomer cements (GICs) and self-adhesive flowable composites (SFCs) on deciduous teeth. Methods: A comprehensive literature search according to the PRISMA checklist was manually and electronically performed by two independent reviewers through the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase, to include in vitro studies comparing GICs and SFCs bond strength values of restorations on primary teeth. In addition, three groups of meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. Results: Three articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and subjected to both qualitative and quantitative assessment. No statistically significant difference was found between SFC versus GIC; however, both groups significantly differed with conventional flowable composites (CFs). Conclusions: Despite the absence of significant difference in bond strength values, SFCs may be considered a valid alternative to GICs in the restoration of deciduous teeth, although CFs proved better in vitro performances

Paediatric tube-feeding: An agenda for care improvement and research.

This article presents an agenda to improve the care and wellbeing of children with paediatric feeding disorder who require tube feeding (PFD-T). PFD-T requires urgent attention in practice and research. Priorities include: routine collection of PFD-T data in health-care records; addressing the tube-feeding lifecycle; and reducing the severity and duration of disruption caused by PFD-T where possible. This work should be underpinned by principles of involving, respecting and connecting families

Salute orale e disfagia

I processi di invecchiamento del cavo orale nell'anziano hanno importanti ripercussioni sulle funzioni di masticazione e deglutizione

Diagnosis and interceptive therapy of third classes in developmental age

OBJECTIVES Provide guidelines for differential diagnosis and interceptive therapy of Classes III in developmental age. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work, as well as the presentation of the various classifications and clinical and etiopathogenetic characteristics of progeny, has the aim of analyzing the diagnostic and prognostic problems, reporting the possibility of forecasting the model and the quantity of growth of the related facial structures, in a way to establish the effectiveness of treat-ment in pediatric age and the sub-sequent eventuality of a definitive surgical therapy in adulthood. RESULTS The objectives of early therapy in Class III patients are related to the need to re-establish, in a short time, a correct occlusal and functional relationship, and a harmonious balance between hard and soft tissues; treatment prognosis is often reserved because it is strictly dependent on genetic fac-tors such as the direction and ex-tent of mandibular growth. The most recent scientific literature demonstrates how orthopedic therapy represents the gold standard in Classes III of a skeletal nature. CONCLUSIONS Interceptive orthodontic therapy is considered an early therapy in children for prevention purposes. An early intervention, in fact, can immediately eliminate an occlusal problem to favor a harmonious development of the dental arches. A therapy conducted in the prepu-bertal period allows to obtain the best and most stable results in the developmental age