Elastic properties of compressed cryocrystals in a deformed atom model

A model with deformed atom shells is built to investigate the elastic properties of rare-gas crystals Ne and Kr under high pressure. It is shown that the observed deviation from the Cauchy relation cannot be adequately reproduced with taking into account of only the many-body interaction. The individual pressure dependence of is a result of competition of the many-body interaction and the quadrupole interaction associated with the quadrupoletype deformation of electron shells of the atoms during the displacements of the nuclei. Each kind of interaction makes a strongly pressure dependent contribution to . In the case of Ne and Kr, contributions of these interactions are compensated to the good precision, providing being almost constant against pressure

Non-standard errors

In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: Non-standard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for better reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants