86 research outputs found
Improving Listening and Speaking Skills in Mixed Level Groups (on the Material of New English File)
AbstractThe purpose of our study is to investigate works of scholars about the problems of listening and speaking in learning foreign languages. We try to analyze the difficulties in doing listening and speaking exercises in mixed level groups focusing on “New English File” (Intermediate) textbook. “New English File” presents different kinds of listening and speaking tasks in order to improve all four skills (listening, reading, speaking, and writing). In our study we refer to Wenden's statement (1986), who noted that we need to find out listening problems in order to improve listening skill. According to it, we discovered difficulties not only in listening, but also in speaking of students in mixed level groups. These difficulties helped us to find the ways of improving students’ abilities to listen to authentic materials and apply them in communication. Problems in listening and speaking in mixed level groups were taken from the results of questionnaire. Students’ questionnaire determined the effective ways of using role plays and various activities in practice. The result of our study showed that the textbook was worse using in mixed level groups. Different creative activities in English classes motivate students to learn foreign languages, and improve knowledge
Research on the bio-distribution of interferon gamma-containing pharmacocytes
Viral hepatitis B and C- is a widespread infectious disease of the liver and is a potential
threat to human life. Treatment of HCV and HBV requires prolonged (parenteral or oral) administration
of antiviral and immune-stimulating agents, which often have serious side effects that lead to abrupt
termination of the therapy and the development of viral resistance. Targeted delivery of drugs directly
to the affected organ is one of the most promising areas that seek to improve the outcome of treatment
of patients with chronic diseases. Among the various drug delivery systems, erythrocytic pharmacocytes
are of special interest. They are a shade of red blood cells, that could be loaded with antiviral drugs and
drugs that boost the immune system. Owing to the fact that erythrocytes are destroyed by mononuclear
phagocytes in the liver, it is assumable that the EP serve as a promising and direct means of delivering
antiviral drugs and immune-modulators into the liver parenchyma to treat viral hepatitis
Research on the bio-distribution of interferon gamma-containing pharmacocytes
Viral hepatitis B and C- is a widespread infectious disease of the liver and is a potential
threat to human life. Treatment of HCV and HBV requires prolonged (parenteral or oral) administration
of antiviral and immune-stimulating agents, which often have serious side effects that lead to abrupt
termination of the therapy and the development of viral resistance. Targeted delivery of drugs directly
to the affected organ is one of the most promising areas that seek to improve the outcome of treatment
of patients with chronic diseases. Among the various drug delivery systems, erythrocytic pharmacocytes
are of special interest. They are a shade of red blood cells, that could be loaded with antiviral drugs and
drugs that boost the immune system. Owing to the fact that erythrocytes are destroyed by mononuclear
phagocytes in the liver, it is assumable that the EP serve as a promising and direct means of delivering
antiviral drugs and immune-modulators into the liver parenchyma to treat viral hepatitis
Effect of Solid Fuel Mineral Composition on the Formation of Sour Pulp in Hydro-Slug Removal System of Thermal Power Plants
Researches have been conducted into the causes of acidity of pulp formed in the system of circulating hydraulic ash and slag removal in thermal power plants (TPP) when using coals of Ekibastuz and Karaganda coal fields of the Republic of Kazakhstan. We have carried out a comparative study of combustion of Karazhyra and Maikube coals at the two RK TPPs with BKZ-75-39FB and BKZ-160-100FB steam boilers. For ash collection, wet ash collectors with remounted Venturi tube coagulators have been installed on TPP. In them, a chemical interaction of irrigating water with flue gases occurs, which include CO2, SO2, SO3 and ash particles. The ash pulp formed moves to the pipeline, mixes with the slag pulp and is further transported along a tract to the ash dump. We have defined the relationship between the composition of the products of coal combustion and the formation of acidic pulp in the scrubber. Qualitative and quantitative composition of coals and their combustion products have been determined by the methods of X-ray and X-ray fluorescence analysis. As the analysis showed, the main components of ash and slag materials are the oxides SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2О, Na2O. In the wet ash collectors gaseous substances present in flue gases, are dissolved and hydrolysed in irrigating water. While hydroremoving ash and slag, the compounds are dissolved in water and undergo hydrolysis. Oxides SiO2, SO2, TiO2, P2O5 are hydrolyzed into acid, oxides CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O – into base, Al2O3, Fe2O3 – into amphoteric compounds. Chemical analysis of ash and slag pulp formed after Karazhyra coal combustion has been carried out. Calculation of the acidity of ash and slag material has been performed. Karazhyra coal ash is more acidic in nature. A lower content of amphoteric oxides in Maikube coal appears to be the cause of the pulp formation, with a higher pH. With X-ray diffraction method, the nature of combinations of metal oxides in the samples of coal, slag and ash have been determined
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF MONOTHERAPY WITH INDAPAMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION OF THE I-II DEGREES
Aim. To assess antihypertensive efficacy of monotherapy with indapamide (Akripamide, Akrihin, Russia) and its influence on blood levels of carbohydrates, lipids and electrolytes in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods. 30 patients with EH I-II degrees were treated with indapamide 2,5 mg daily during 3 months. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring was made before and after the treatment as well as blood levels of carbohydrates, lipids and electrolytes were assessed. Results. 3-month indapamide monotherapy resulted in achievement of BP target levels in 76.6% of patients. Significant decrease in daily , day-time and nighttime BP , BP burden and daytime BP variability were observed. Number of patients with insufficient night decrease of systolic and diastolic BP was significantly decreased. No negative influence of indapamide on blood levels of lipids and electrolytes was observed. Conclusion. Indapamide is effective antihypertensive drug with satisfactory tolerance
КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ОСТРЫХ РЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У МЛАДЕНЦЕВ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА В Г. АЛМАТЫ, КАЗАХСТАН
Acute respiratory infections and diarrheas are the main cause of hospitalization. We do not have a routine practice of etiological verification of respiratory viruses, the diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and instrumental investigations. We do not perform identification of respiratory syntycial virus (RSV), however there are effective methods of specific prophylactic and treatment with monoclonal antibodies available worldwide. Another point is wide application of antibiotics without clear indications on bacterial infection, especially if a patient is hospitalized. We analyzed clinical data of children aged 0—3 months with acute respiratory viral infections and found a big number of patients with bronchoobstruction associated with bronchiolitits which in fact points on possible involvement of RSV. Острые респираторные инфекции, наряду с диареями, являются ведущей причиной госпитализации детей младшего возраста. В нашей практике не проводится рутинная расшифровка вирусных возбудителей ОРЗ, а диагноз устанавливается на основе клинико-эпидемиологических данных. Не тестируется респираторно-синцитиальный вирус (РСВ), хотя в других странах применяют специфические моноклональные антитела для профилактики и лечения детей с тяжелыми формами этой инфекции. Другим важным аспектом является практически повсеместное назначение антибиотиков при ОРЗ, особенно если ребенок находится в стационаре, при отсутствии четких признаков бактериальной инфекции. Мы проанализировали клинческие данные детей в возрасте 0—3 месяцев жизни, поступивших в инфекционный стацинар в зимнее время, и выявили высокую частоту бронхообструктивного синтдрома, который, по нашему мнению, отражает заболевемость бронхиеолитом на фоне ОРВИ и указывает на возможную роль РСВ.
Dihydromyricetin supplementation improves ethanol-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation
IntroductionExcessive alcohol consumption leads to a myriad of detrimental health effects, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Unfortunately, no available treatments exist to combat the progression of ALD beyond corticosteroid administration and/or liver transplants. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a bioactive polyphenol and flavonoid that has traditionally been used in Chinese herbal medicine for its robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is derived from many plants, including Hovenia dulcis and is found as the active ingredient in a variety of popular hangover remedies. Investigations utilizing DHM have demonstrated its ability to alleviate ethanol-induced disruptions in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, while demonstrating hepatoprotective activity.MethodsFemale c57BL/6J mice (n = 12/group) were treated using the Lieber DeCarli forced-drinking and ethanol (EtOH) containing liquid diet, for 5 weeks. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) No-EtOH, (2) EtOH [5% (v/v)], and (3) EtOH [5% (v/v)] + DHM (6 mg/mL). Mice were exposed to ethanol for 2 weeks to ensure the development of ALD pathology prior to receiving dihydromyricetin supplementation. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA along with Bonferroni multiple comparison tests, where p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsDihydromyricetin administration significantly improved aminotransferase levels (AST/ALT) and reduced levels of circulating lipids including LDL/VLDL, total cholesterol (free cholesterol), and triglycerides. DHM demonstrated enhanced lipid clearance by way of increased lipophagy activity, shown as the increased interaction and colocalization of p62/SQSTM-1, LC3B, and PLIN-1 proteins. DHM-fed mice had increased hepatocyte-to-hepatocyte lipid droplet (LD) heterogeneity, suggesting increased neutralization and sequestration of free lipids into LDs. DHM administration significantly reduced prominent pro-inflammatory cytokines commonly associated with ALD pathology such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17.DiscussionDihydromyricetin is commercially available as a dietary supplement. The results of this proof-of-concept study demonstrate its potential utility and functionality as a cost-effective and safe candidate to combat inflammation and the progression of ALD pathology
ShORRT (Short, all-Oral Regimens for Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis) Research Package
TDR in close collaboration with the Global TB Programme at WHO and technical partners the WHO Global TB Programme is leading the development of ShORRT (Short, all-Oral Regimens For Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis), an operational research package to assess the effectiveness, safety, feasibility, acceptability, cost and impact (including on health-related quality of life) of the use of all-oral shorter drug regimens for adults and children with MDR/RR-TB
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