Bioethical issues relating to farmers’ rights arising from genetically modified crops in Malaysia / Siti Hafsyah Idris

Concerns on genetically modified (GM) crops focused on intrinsic ethical concerns on whether it should be permissible to intgrvene in the natural process and also concerns on the principle of playing God and changing the creations of God. Later, bioethical debate on GM crops focused on extrinsic bioethics inclusive ofexplohing the potential benefits ofthis technology and corporate-dominated seed sector. For the purpose ofthis thesis, the discussion focuses on bioethical issues relating to farmers‘ rights arising from GM crops‘ Bioethical issues on farmers‘ rights include the struggle of the farmers to balance GM crops" benefits and demands, with conventional livelihood viability, and seek to preserve their autonomy‘ Bioethical issues to farmers‘ rights also concern ‘he right of farmers who have little control over contractual decisions leading to unfair justice‘ Previous research in Malaysia has not addressed these issues. This research is pertinent because it would provide the investigation ofthe existing biosafety regulatory measures in protecting farmers’ rights arising from GM crops and to revise any gaps in the regulatory measures, This thesis examines the bioethica] issues relating to farmers‘ rights in ‘he biosafety regulatory measures ofGM crops: the comprehensiveness ofthc biosafety regulatory measures in protecting bioethical issues affecting farmers' rights in Malaysia arising in GM crops as compared to other countries such as India and Australia, focusing on the farmers‘ rights to livelihood: and farmers‘ rights to comractual obligations; and suggests the biosafety regulatory measures to address the protection of bioethical issues pertaining to farmers‘ rights arising from GM crops, [n this research, doctrinal and empirical methods have been combined. While the doctrinal method is a research of legal preposition by way of analysing the exi' ing statutory provision along with the present case laws to find out gap, the emp a] research empluys methods through semi-structured interviews to generate empirical data that answers research questions. The research found that the protection ofbioe‘hical issues relating to fanners‘ rights arising from GM crops is significant to be addressed in the biosafety regulatory measures to ensure their rights as one of the stakeholders in this technology are protected agains‘ the rapid revolutionary scientific assessment of this :echnology. The research also found that the current biosafety regulatory measures. which conforms to the Precautionary Principle as the guiding principle, are incomprehensive to address bioethical issues relating to farmers' rights arising from GM crops: hence, protection needs to be strengthened through the ethical approach. namely Principlism to further enhance the comprehensiveness of ‘he Precautionary Principle. Finally, the recommendations proposed based on experiences from differences in jurisdictions and empirical data method to further enhance the comprehensiveness oflhe biosafety regulatory measures in protecting bioethical issues relating to farmers‘ rights. This study will n01 only contribute to the understanding of the relevant laws surrounding the bioethical issues relating to farmers‘ rights on GM crops based on the current Precautionary Principle approach but also, to propose a better approach, which is Principlism m further enhance the existing Precautionary Principle and therefore regulating this area for the betterment offarmers‘ rights

Control and Empowerment of Abandoned Land for Agrarian Reform

This research is conducted to describe the impact of the issuance of Government Regulation Number 11 of 2010 on the Control and Utilization of Abandoned Land that serves as an important part of the agrarian reform agenda. It is relevant to the solution to counteract and eradicate the crisis of poverty by providing land and other facilities necessary for production so that people are able to work more productively and live a prosperous life. Essentially, it involves the whole process of restructuring the tenure, ownership, use, and utilization of land in order to achieve social welfare and justice. This research applies normative legal methods to conduct a literary review because of the characteristics and traditions of law. The approaches used in legal research are the statute approach, the case approach, and the conceptual approach. The results of the research show that agrarian reform needs to be included in the nation's agenda and the basic strategy of the country to build a just political, economic and social structure. This is the relevance of placing all references, understanding, scope, and usefulness of the management of "the abandoned land which later becomes the state property" in realizing the true agrarian reform

To Farm or Not to Farm: Cuniculture Issues Towards Green Marketing Practices at Hilir Perak, Malaysia

Climate change, global warming, and population increase have sparked the need to reorient Malaysia's food security strategy by adopting green marketing practices in agriculture production. The paper explored green marketing awareness practices among the small-scale cuniculture farmers at Cenderong Balai-Sg. Manik, Hilir Perak, Malaysia. From the qualitative method, the analysis indicated that the rabbit farmers needed to be aware of and practice green marketing strategies. The study's implications showed that eco-friendly packaging products, for instance, will benefit the environment. A balance has to be reached for the farmers to be more innovative in selling their products for environmental sustainability

Enhancing Anti-Corruption, Accountability and Transparency Laws in the Malaysia's Health Sector

Good governance, alongside the principles of accountability and transparency, are potential strategies for combating corruption in the healthcare sector. This study aims to examine the role of law to curb the corrupt practices, and it employs a qualitative research methodology through a content analysis approach in which all relevant literature on corruption and law are reviewed. The major finding has significant implications for lawmakers to propound legislative framework for the risks of corruption in the healthcare sector towards promoting accountability and transparency. This paper concludes that the law is an effective tool for instigating change to the healthy anti-corruption environment. Keywords: Corruption; risks; laws; healthcare eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7.381

The Intersection of COVID-19 and Mental Health: What's the Matter with Ethics?

As the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic rapidly sweeps across the world, despite the measure taken to contain the spread of the disease through quarantine, it induces a considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large. Health care providers, older people and people with underlying health conditions are the most vulnerable to the pandemic. Nations, even countries with advanced medical sciences and resources, have underestimated the perils of the pandemic. Efforts are focused on understanding the epidemiology, clinical features, transmission patterns, and management of COVID-19 disease. One aspect overlooked is the mental health crisis underpinning the effects of self-isolation/ quarantine and the deaths of loved ones—the number of positive cases in Malaysia at an exponential growth rate each day. With strict preventive measures and restrictions by the Malaysian Government in the form of nationwide Movement Control Order (also known as MCO), the citizens are going through a range of psychological and emotional reactions and fear and uncertainty of being one of the infected. Many studies have been conducted to identify the state of mental health of people during this calamity. This raises ethical concerns and legal issues with regards to the rights of individuals enduring mental illness. This paper explores the ethical issues about the research on mental health during Covid-19 pandemics and the regulatory mechanisms which protect the rights of the persons who have the symptoms of mental illness

Mental Health at the Workplace: Rights of Employees

In several ways, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly altered social and working environments. Social distancing policies, mandatory lockdowns, isolation periods, and the fear of becoming ill, in addition to the suspension of productive activity, loss of income, and fear of the future, all have an impact on citizens' and workers' mental health. Workplace factors can have a significant effect on whether people's mental health improves or deteriorates due to the pandemic. This article discusses Malaysian law's position on mental health and whether employers can be held liable for their employees' mental health. The goal of this article is to examine the legal aspects of workplace mental health issues. We conducted doctrinal research on existing laws and policies focusing on workers' rights issues related to mental health in the workplace during the pandemic. It is discovered that, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sleep disorders are more likely to affect healthcare workers, particularly those on the frontlines, migrant workers, and workers in contact with the public. Job insecurity, long periods of isolation, and uncertainty about the future exacerbate the psychological condition, particularly among younger people and higher educational backgrounds. Therefore, numerous organisational and job-related interventions can help mitigate this scenario, but the regulatory mechanisms governing this matter must be clearly defined

THE RIGHT ON LAND FOR FOREIGNER AND FOREIGN LEGAL ENTITY TOURISM INVESTASION PERSPECTIVE, PARTICIPATION AND NOMINEE PRACTICE PREVENTION

Bali is one of the national cultural heritages, which is endlessly praised in various essays and research results, then becomes a reference and promotion as an exotic island that inspires the rise of world tourism. Tourism encourages investment in hospitality, restaurants, transportation, trade, property, the creative economy sector and others. Investment, changing the function of agriculture into hospitality and transforming the work of farmers into services. Major changes in the mind-set of rural farmers to urban services. The purpose of this study is to find out the concept of norms and substance of the basic Agrarian Law and the laws and regulations in land ownership/ Provision of Residential for foreigners/Foreign Legal Entity. This research applies a socio-legal approach. This change is not accompanied by a significant expansion of public participation, because tourism is concentrated in capital due to legal limitations that favoring on investors..The results of the study are expected to encourage the weight of the substance of the Foreigners Residential Provision legislation, containing the substance of the Foreigners Residential Provision regulatory norms carrying the message of community participation as social engeeneer and community expectations (das sollen), global