Handover and Load Balancing in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Network Using Software Defined Network

This article presents an evaluation of the handover (HO) and Load balancing under the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) with the addition of a Software Defined Networks (SDN). This work is based on UMTS mobility, which is adopted by the S1 interface, with a level 3 Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) in addition the new program with C ++, by the use of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) between two end users to evaluate the performances of UMTS networks with the SDN paradigm.SDN is a program running on one or more nodes of the network. It will calculate the routes to be taken by incoming packets in the network and will then communicate them to all virtual switches. The SDN controller has a central role for the proper functioning of the network. Its decisions have a direct impact on users' perceived performance. It is therefore crucial that its decisions are taken at best

Performance Analysis of LDS Multi Access Technique and New 5G Waveforms for V2X Communication

Low Density Signature (LDS) is an emerging non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique that has never been evaluated under a vehicular channel in order to simulate the environment of a vehicle to everything (V2X) communication. Moreover, the LDS structure has been combined with only Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) waveforms to improve its performances. In this paper, we propose new schemes where the LDS structure is combined with Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) and Filtered-OFDM waveforms and the Bit Error Rate (BER) is analysed over a frequency selective channel as a reference and over a vehicular channel to analyse the effect of the Doppler shift on the overall performance

Performance Evaluation of 5G Waveforms for Joint Radar Communication over 77 GHz and 24 GHz ISM Bands

The V2X environment poses many challenges to emerging wireless communication systems, while it is crucial to ensure the efficiency and safety of road users. Requiring continual localization of the surroundings and accurate obstacle detection while providing high reliability in dense networks and low latency in high-mobility environment communication systems imposes a challenge to the driver-assistance field given that we are overly limited in terms of frequency bands and resources. Hence, pooling of the available frequency resources between different applications can help increase the spectral efficiency. A new collaborative approach multiplexed in the time domain, namely RadCom, which can be described as a joint radar and communication system that performs both vehicle-to-everything communication and detection of the neighboring obstacles in the vehicular environment, has been proposed to overcome the limitations of the existing conventional radar system. Based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), this RadCom system proved to be suitable up to now for V2X. Moreover, a new RadCom system based on universal frequency multi-carrier (UFMC), an advanced fifth-generation (5G) waveform, has been proposed to enhance the spectral efficiency and surmount the shortcomings induced by the OFDM waveform. This recent RadCom system has been studied in the new frequency range of 76–81 GHz; precisely, 77 GHz. Hence, in this paper, we propose to compare both subsystems of the proposed RadCom system over two different frequency carriers, 24 GHz and 77 GHz, and to adopt the proper system parametrization in order to meet appropriate wireless solutions for automotive RadCom systems

Election of MPR Nodes and Detection of Malicious Nodes Based on a Byzantine Fault in the OLSR Protocol Case of a Scale-Free Network

V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) communications play a crucial role in enabling the efficient and reliable exchange of information among vehicles, infrastructure, and other entities in smart transportation systems. However, the inherent vulnerabilities and dynamic nature of V2X networks present significant challenges for ensuring secure and trustworthy communication. By enhancing the security of the OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) protocol through secure MultiPoint Relays (MPRs) Selection, this research aims to provide a robust approach that enhances the overall security posture of V2X networks, enabling safe and secure interactions between vehicles and their environment. The proposed method is based on the Byzantine general’s problem, which is the principle used in blockchain. Compared to the classical flooding mechanism, this technique greatly reduces network traffic overhead and improves the efficiency of bandwidth utilization. The results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm performed better than the well-used UM-OLSR implementation. The outcome proved that our MPR election algorithm guarantees a better packet delivery ratio, and it also performs very well in the detection and isolation of malicious nodes, leading to increased security of the OLSR protocol control plane

On the cyclostationarity of Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier UFMC

In order to meet the explosion of connected devices with their heterogeneous applications, the upcoming 5G systems focus on the design of spectrally efficient waveforms. Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC) is one of the major waveforms contenders that offers low out of band emissions, compatibility with the existing Multiple Input Multiple Output techniques as well as multiple services support. In this paper, we propose to couple UFMC with Cognitive Radio (CR) to make better use of the available spectral resources. To perform spectrum sensing for the CR, we rely on cyclostationary detection. UFMC cyclostationarity characteristics have not been researched before. Hence in the present work, we first derive the explicit theoretical m-th order cyclic cumulants of UFMC, considering a multipath channel, frequency and timing offsets. Our analysis reveals that the per-subband filtering used in this waveform produces distinctive cyclostationary signatures. Then we exploit these signatures for signal detection. The obtained results are compared to those of the well studied Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Detection probability of UFMC outperforms the one of OFDM specially when the used Cyclic Prefix (CP) is low