This article presents an evaluation of the handover (HO) and Load balancing under the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) with the addition of a Software Defined Networks (SDN). This work is based on UMTS mobility, which is adopted by the S1 interface, with a level 3 Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) in addition the new program with C ++, by the use of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) between two end users to evaluate the performances of UMTS networks with the SDN paradigm.SDN is a program running on one or more nodes of the network. It will calculate the routes to be taken by incoming packets in the network and will then communicate them to all virtual switches. The SDN controller has a central role for the proper functioning of the network. Its decisions have a direct impact on users' perceived performance. It is therefore crucial that its decisions are taken at best

Idboufker, Noureddine

LAASSIRI, Fatima

Moughit, Mohamed

French

Revues Scientifiques Marocaines

        Abstract---This article presents an evaluation of the handover (HO) and Load balancing under the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) with the addition of a Software Defined Networks (SDN). This work is based on UMTS mobility, which is adopted by the S1 interface, with a level 3 Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) in addition the new program with C ++, by the use of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) between two end users to evaluate the performances of UMTS networks with the SDN paradigm. SDN is a program running on one or more nodes of the network. It will calculate the routes to be taken by incoming packets in the network and will then communicate them to all virtual switches. The SDN controller has a central role for the proper functioning of the network. Its decisions have a direct impact on users' perceived performance. It is therefore crucial that its decisions are taken at best.  Keywords—SDN, UMTS, OpenFlow, Handover, Load balancing;  I. INTRODUCTION As indicated by the official definition from the Open Networking Foundation (ONF)[1], the Software Defined Network (SDN)[2] is a developing network architecture where organize a control for decoupled from sending and it is straight forwardly programmable. This relocation of control, previously firmly bound in singular network devices, into available computing devices empowers the fundamental foundation to be preoccupied for applications and system administrations, which can regard the network as a sensible or virtual entity." [3] Another meaning of SDN is the accompanying: "The physical detachment of the network control plane from the forwarding one, and where a control plane a few devices ". [4] This following work expresses the Handover's and load balancing performance evaluation with the S1 interface under UMTS networks using the SDN approach, via the Omnet4.6 ++ network simulator with a macro mobility adopted with MIPv6. The correspondence between the two architectures is complete with the SIP [5].                  II. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION UMTS networks must give fantastic arrangements and associations for their endorsers while regarding movement requests. Currently, it confronts different confinements, which can be delegated: Limited scalability, complex system administration,  manual system design, mind boggling and costly system gadgets, high cost, resoluteness, and system virtualization [6]. Current handover travel time is near (~57 ms). To enhance the quality the HO on UMTS, this paper propose to include SDN innovation with unified control to the UMTS network.    The Software Defined Mobile Network (SDMN)[7] is offer as an augmentation of the SDN worldview to help arrange particular mobile usefulness. Likewise, it has a higher level of administration mindfulness and ideal utilization of system assets than the first system ideas.  III. SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK CONCEPTS AND ARCHITECTURE In the SDN architecture, the control and the data plane are decoupled, network intelligence and state are logically centralized, the underlying network infrastructure is abstracted from the applications. [8 ]  Fig. 1. Differents layers and components of SDN architecture .  Handover  and Load Balancing in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Network Using Software Defined Network   Fatima LAASSIRI IR2M Laboratory, FST, Univ Hassan UH1- Settat, Morocco  laassiri.fati@gmail.com Mohamed MOUGHIT  IR2M Laboratory, FST, Univ Hassan 1 UH1- Settat, Morocco  EEA&TI Laboratory, FST, Univ Hassan  , Mohammedia, Morocco National Schools of Applied Sciences Khouribga, Univ Hassan 1, UH1- Settat, Morocco m.moughit@gmail.com  Noureddine IDBOUFKER National Schools of Applied Sciences, Univ Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Morocco n_idboufker@yahoo.fr  The fig. 1. demonstrates the SDN architecture and the different layers and components .Below is mentioned layers : Infrastructure layer: It provides network data / forwarding  plane functions. While it  may still be vendor dependent and tightly coupled, an OpenFlow enabled network device can communicate with a centralized. [9]  Control layer: It is Responsable for making decision about how packets should be transmitted by one or more network devices, and pushes those decisions to network equipment for execution. [10]  Application layer : SDN Applications are programs that unequivocally, straight forwardly, and automatically convey their system necessities and wanted system conduct to the SDN Controller through NBIs. What's more they may expend a preoccupied perspective of the system for their inside basic leadership purposes. [11] Interfaces: SDN architecture consist of different interfaces such as:  Northbound interfaces : Conflicting to southbound API, northbound interfaces permit correspondance among the larger amount parts.  Southbound interfaces: In SDN, the southbound interface is the OpenFlow protocol specification that enables communication between controller and switch. Eastbound: Westbound interface utilized for multi controller based topology eastward, where it is used to convey between controllers. [12] Protocol OpenFlow: It gives an open and standard route for a controller to speak with an OpenFlow switch. It is a protocol standard open to specialists to run test conventions in systems they utilize [13].  IV. LOAD BALANCING Load Balancing is an important necessity for enterprise networks, so it can give high accessibility and adaptability to the requests for a specific administration.  Regularly such usefulness of balancing loads among a few servers is executed by a committed gadget that is actualized in the network.  Despite the fact that with SDN an OpenFlow switch can manage this functionality consequently and will circulate the movement to various servers. Yet, it doesn't scale well; in this way it is conceivable to compose an application that deals with best of the controller that can give an adaptable and productive load balancing application [14]. With such application the requirement for a devoted center in the network will be wiped out. V. SIMULATION THE SDN AND UMTS UNDER OMNET 4.6++ This segment depicts the topologies of the simulation settings executed under network simulator Omnet4.6++. The simulation has two scenarios: UMTS fee and UMTS based on SDN through the creation of a new program with C ++ . In the two situations we apply the SIP protocol for a fundamental correspondence between the clients. And used the mobility intra-UMTS with the interface S1 which happens when client equipment moves starting with one NodeB to another, with a control of a macro-mobility of level 3 exploiting the MIPv6 protocol for mobile nodes to move randomly over the internet while as yet getting their datagrams at a fixed address . VI. GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE OF UMTS The UMTS network is separated into three fundamental parts:  - The center system.  - UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)  - The terminal or the user equipment (UE). These three major domains are separated by different radio interfaces. The fig. 2. demonstrates the general architecture of UMTS, and fig 3 shows a typical UMTS free realization of the UMTS network topology while fig. 4. shows a network based SDN topology realization.   Fig. 2.  UMTS Network Architecture.  Fig. 3. Scenarios 1:  UMTS Network Architecture without SDN.   Fig. 4.  Scenarios 2: UMTS Network Architecture with SDN. VII. FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF SDMN  The UMTS architecture consists of the following functional          components [15]: CN [16] : It provides the connection between the different access networks of UMTS and other networks such as  Telephone, Global System for Mobile  communication (GSM) , Reseau Numerique a Integration de Services  (RNIS) network. The CN consists of several equipment that they are: PS, SGSN, GGSN, CS, MSC, GMSC, VLR.. Radio Access Network UTRAN [17] : It gets to arrange and permits a few highlights. These features include Network congestion control, designation of radio assets, secrecy, integrity, handover, paging, channel coding and translating, synchronization between the NodeB and the Radio Network Controller (RNC) as well as  between the RNC and the core network.  NodeB: It is a receiving wire, that is circulated geologically all through the country; it is likeness the BTS in GSM organize. It deals with the physical layer of the radio interface. It represents channel coding, interleaving, charge adjustment, and spreading. [18]    Radio Network Controller (RNC): The fundamental part of RNC is to deal with the correspondences between the NodeB and the core network of UMTS [19].  User equipment (UE) : It is a noteworthy piece of the general UMTS network architecture. It shapes the last interface with the client. It has a higher number of uses and establishments .  VIII. SDN COMPONENTS SDN organize module comprises two modules:  SDN Controllers: It is a central equipment. It allows to give a deliberation layer of the system, It permits to rapidly execute a change on the system by interpreting a worldwide demand. It speaks with the hardware by means of at least one southbound APIs. Openflow is situated as a southbound API acting straight forwardly on the information plane. Different APIs permit following up on the administration or control plane.  OpenFlow switch: It is a physical exchanging device that contains a number of ports and lines; it depends on the OpenFlow protocol [20]. OpenFlow Controllers: The OpenFlow/SDN people group has been seeing the improvement of various controllers written in numerous programming dialects, for example, C, C++, Java, JavaScript, Ruby and Python. While there are numerous execution numbers and information distributed by the designers of these OpenFlow controllers, yet there has been no autonomous research performing assessment examinations utilizing a similar system and condition. In this piece of the examination, we will work with the controller usage that are much known for their elite.  IX. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This section presents the performance evaluation of Handover parameters under two networks scenarios:  UMTS free and UMTS based SDN scenario. It is worth mentioning that call setup time between two users in UMTS based approach was around 0.05 s while it was around 4 s in UMTS free approach. X. HANDOVER Fig.4. presents two situations to depict node transfer signaling in a UMTS network with SDN. It is stable during all the correspondance with at least time (7 ms). It is less than compared  to UMTS without SDN (57 ms). So it can profit by the services of another cell instead than the old one. This permits the mobile station the ability to proceed with its progressing correspondance with at least interference, realizing that the two cells include are overseen by at least one networks. Fig. 4. Handover under UMTS with and without SDN. CONCLUSION This document summarizes that the addition the SDN controller for UMTS per Handover and load balancing is beneficial.  References  [1]  Lyndon Ong, ‘‘ONF SDN Architecture and Standards for Transport Networks: Control Architecture and Network Modeling’’, 2017 [2]  Heng Zhang, Zhiping Cai, Qiang Liu, Qingjun Xiao2 Yangyang Li,and  Chak Fone Cheang , ‘‘A Survey on Security-Aware Measurement in SDN’’, 2018 [3-4] Open Networking Foundation (2014,May. 25 ), ‘‘Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Definition’’, [Online]. Available at: https://www.opennetworking.org/sdn-resources/sdn-definition. [5] J. Peterson, C. Jennings, Enhancements for Authenticated ‘‘Identity Management in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) ’’, AUGUST 2006 [6] Open Networking Foundation, ‘‘Software-defined networking: The new norm for networks’’, ONF White Paper, Apr. 2012. [7] Jose Costa-Requena, ‘‘SDN integration in LTE mobile backhaul networks’’,  IEEE,  April 2014 [8 ] Business white paper | Build the foundation for SDN with OpenFlow , ‘‘Prepare for software-defined networking’’, hp.com/go/networking, 4AA3-8562ENW, February 2013 [9] Joseph Packy Laverty, David Wood, John Turchek, Robert Morris University, ‘‘Software Defined Networking (SDN) Network Virtualization for the IS Curriculum?’’, Proceedings of the Information Systems Educators Conference Baltimore, Maryland USA, ISSN: 2167-1435, v31 n3069, 2014 [10]  Evangelos Haleplidis, Stefano Salsano, “Overview of RFC7426: SDN Layers and Architecture Terminology’’, IEEE Softwarization, September 2017 [11] ‘‘Understanding the SDN Architecture – SDN Control Plane & SDN Data Plane’’,   https://www.sdxcentral.com/sdn /definitions/inside-sdn-architecture/, January 2018 [12] Vidya B. Harkal, A. A.Deshmukh, ‘‘Software Defined Networking with Floodlight Controller’’, International Conference on Internet of Things, Next Generation Networks and Cloud Computing International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887), 2010 [13] ‘‘Understanding the SDN Architecture – SDN Control Plane & SDN Data Plane’’, https://www.sdxcentral.com/sdn/definitions/inside-sdn-architecture/, January 2018 [14] R. Wang, D. Butnariu and J. Rexford (2011). ‘‘OpenFlow-based server load balancing gone wild’’, In Proceeding of the USENIX Conference on Hot Topics in Management of Internet, Cloud, and Enterprise Networks and Services (Hot-ICE), Boston, MA, USA, Mar. 2011. [ 15] Qingyang Song, A. Jamalipour, ‘‘Network selection in an integrated wireless LAN and UMTS environment using mathematical modeling and computing techniques’’, IEEE Wireless Communications , June 2005 [16] Assen Golaup , Mona Mustapha , ‘‘Leo Boonchin Patanapongpibul Femtocell access control strategy in UMTS and LTE, IEEE Communications Magazine’’ , October 2009 [17] Carlos Ubeda Castellanos, Dimas Lopez Villa, C. Rosa, ‘‘Performance of Uplink Fractional Power Control in UTRAN LTE’’,   Vehicular Technology Conference, 2008. VTC Spring 2008. IEEE , May 2008 [18]  Amit Khetawat, Patrick Tao, Michael D. Gallagher, Rajeev Gupta, ‘‘Method and apparatus for routing of emergency services for unauthorized user equipment in a home Node B system’’, Google Patents, 2008 [19] http://www.radio-lectronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/umts /umts-wcdma-network-architecture.php, Decembre 2017. 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Handover  and Load Balancing in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Network Using Software Defined Network

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Handover and Load Balancing in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Network Using Software Defined Network

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Revues Scientifiques Marocaines

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