1,570 research outputs found
Casimir Energy of the Universe and the Dark Energy Problem
We regard the Casimir energy of the universe as the main contribution to the
cosmological constant. Using 5 dimensional models of the universe, the flat
model and the warped one, we calculate Casimir energy. Introducing the new
regularization, called {\it sphere lattice regularization}, we solve the
divergence problem. The regularization utilizes the closed-string
configuration. We consider 4 different approaches: 1) restriction of the
integral region (Randall-Schwartz), 2) method of 1) using the minimal area
surfaces, 3) introducing the weight function, 4) {\it generalized
path-integral}. We claim the 5 dimensional field theories are quantized
properly and all divergences are renormalized. At present, it is explicitly
demonstrated in the numerical way, not in the analytical way. The
renormalization-group function (\be-function) is explicitly obtained. The
renormalization-group flow of the cosmological constant is concretely obtained.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, Proceedings of DSU2011(2011.9.26-30,Beijin
Brane-Anti-Brane Solution and SUSY Effective Potential in Five Dimensional Mirabelli-Peskin Model
A localized configuration is found in the 5D bulk-boundary theory on an
orbifold model of Mirabelli-Peskin. A bulk scalar and the extra
(fifth) component of the bulk vector constitute the configuration. \Ncal=1
SUSY is preserved. The effective potential of the SUSY theory is obtained using
the background field method. The vacuum is treated in a general way by allowing
its dependence on the extra coordinate. Taking into account the {\it
supersymmetric boundary condition}, the 1-loop full potential is obtained. The
scalar-loop contribution to the Casimir energy is also obtained. Especially we
find a {\it new} type which depends on the brane configuration parameters
besides the periodicity parameter.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, Some points are improve
Casimir Energy of the Universe and New Regularization of Higher Dimensional Quantum Field Theories
Casimir energy is calculated for the 5D electromagnetism and 5D scalar theory
in the {\it warped} geometry. It is compared with the flat case. A new
regularization, called {\it sphere lattice regularization}, is taken. In the
integration over the 5D space, we introduce two boundary curves (IR-surface and
UV-surface) based on the {\it minimal area principle}. It is a {\it direct}
realization of the geometrical approach to the {\it renormalization group}. The
regularized configuration is {\it closed-string like}. We do {\it not} take the
KK-expansion approach. Instead, the position/momentum propagator is exploited,
combined with the {\it heat-kernel method}. All expressions are closed-form
(not KK-expanded form). The {\it generalized} P/M propagators are introduced.
We numerically evaluate \La(4D UV-cutoff), \om(5D bulk curvature, warp
parameter) and (extra space IR parameter) dependence of the Casimir energy.
We present two {\it new ideas} in order to define the 5D QFT: 1) the summation
(integral) region over the 5D space is {\it restricted} by two minimal surfaces
(IR-surface, UV-surface) ; or 2) we introduce a {\it weight function} and
require the dominant contribution, in the summation, is given by the {\it
minimal surface}. Based on these, 5D Casimir energy is {\it finitely} obtained
after the {\it proper renormalization procedure.} The {\it warp parameter}
\om suffers from the {\it renormalization effect}. The IR parameter does
not. We examine the meaning of the weight function and finally reach a {\it new
definition} of the Casimir energy where {\it the 4D momenta(or coordinates) are
quantized} with the extra coordinate as the Euclidean time (inverse
temperature). We examine the cosmological constant problem and present an
answer at the end. Dirac's large number naturally appears.Comment: 13 paes, 8 figures, proceedings of 1st Mediterranean Conf. on CQ
Lattice Dirac fermions in a non-Abelian random gauge potential: Many flavors, chiral symmetry restoration and localization
In the previous paper we studied Dirac fermions in a non-Abelian random
vector potential by using lattice supersymmetry. By the lattice regularization,
the system of disordered Dirac fermions is defined without any ambiguities. We
showed there that at strong-disorder limit correlation function of the fermion
local density of states decays algebraically at the band center. In this paper,
we shall reexamine the multi-flavor or multi-species case rather in detail and
argue that the correlator at the band center decays {\em exponentially} for the
case of a {\em large} number of flavors. This means that a
delocalization-localization phase transition occurs as the number of flavors is
increased. This discussion is supported by the recent numerical studies on
multi-flavor QCD at the strong-coupling limit, which shows that the phase
structure of QCD drastically changes depending on the number of flavors. The
above behaviour of the correlator of the random Dirac fermions is closely
related with how the chiral symmetry is realized in QCD.Comment: Version appears in Mod.Phys.Lett.A17(2002)135
Gauge Theory of Composite Fermions: Particle-Flux Separation in Quantum Hall Systems
Fractionalization phenomenon of electrons in quantum Hall states is studied
in terms of U(1) gauge theory. We focus on the Chern-Simons(CS) fermion
description of the quantum Hall effect(QHE) at the filling factor
, and show that the successful composite-fermions(CF) theory
of Jain acquires a solid theoretical basis, which we call particle-flux
separation(PFS). PFS can be studied efficiently by a gauge theory and
characterized as a deconfinement phenomenon in the corresponding gauge
dynamics. The PFS takes place at low temperatures, , where
each electron or CS fermion splinters off into two quasiparticles, a fermionic
chargeon and a bosonic fluxon. The chargeon is nothing but Jain's CF, and the
fluxon carries units of CS fluxes. At sufficiently low temperatures , fluxons Bose-condense uniformly and (partly)
cancel the external magnetic field, producing the correlation holes. This
partial cancellation validates the mean-field theory in Jain's CF approach.
FQHE takes place at as a joint effect of (i) integer QHE of
chargeons under the residual field and (ii) Bose condensation of
fluxons. We calculate the phase-transition temperature and the CF
mass. PFS is a counterpart of the charge-spin separation in the t-J model of
high- cuprates in which each electron dissociates into holon and
spinon. Quasiexcitations and resistivity in the PFS state are also studied. The
resistivity is just the sum of contributions of chargeons and fluxons, and
changes its behavior at , reflecting the change of
quasiparticles from chargeons and fluxons at to electrons at
.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure
Fluctuation effects of gauge fields in the slave-boson t-J model
We present a quantitative study of the charge-spin separation(CSS) phenomenon
in a U(1) gauge theory of the t-J model of high-Tc superconductures. We
calculate the critical temperature of confinement-deconfinement phase
transition below which the CSS takes place.Comment: Latex, 9 pages, 3 figure
Minbu distribution of two dimensional quantum gravity: simulation result and semiclassical analysis
We analyse MINBU distribution of 2 dimensional quantum gravity. New data of R^2-gravity by the Monte Carlo simulation and its theoretical analysis by the semiclassical approach are presented. The cross-over phenomenon takes place at some size of the baby universe where the randomness competes with the smoothing force of R^2-term. The dependence on the central charge c_m\ and on the R^2-coupling are explained for the ordinary 2d quantum gravity and for R^2-gravity. The R^2-Liouville solution plays the central role in the semiclassical analysis. A total derivative term (surface term) and the infrared regularization play important roles . The surface topology is that of a sphere
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