52 research outputs found
Percepção Ambiental sobre Morcegos em Condomínios de Cabreúva, São Paulo
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e Natureza da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas – Ecologia e Biodiversidade.Os morcegos (Chiroptera) são pertencentes a um dos clados mais diversos dos mamíferos, com elevada riqueza de espécies, e ocupam os mais variados nichos ambientais, tendo também diversos papéis ecológicos fundamentais. Apesar disso, muitas vezes a percepção das pessoas em relação a estes organismos é negativa, o que impacta na conservação das espécies. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo entender as interações e a percepção que os frequentadores dos condomínios de Cabreúva, São Paulo, têm sobre esses organismos, e identificar os principais conflitos provenientes da interação deles com humanos. Para a obtenção dos dados deste trabalho, foi utilizado um questionário online. Por meio desse questionário, foi possível constatar que a maior parte dos participantes já tiveram algum tipo de interação com morcegos. A maior parte dessas interações foram negativas, podendo causar conflitos entre as pessoas e esses animais. Além disso, apesar do conhecimento dos participantes do questionário ser elevado, ainda há crenças errôneas com relação a esses organismos. Esses fatores podem fazer com que a população estudada tenha uma percepção neutra, tendendo ao negativo, com relação aos morcegos. Visto isso, é necessário que haja projetos de educação ambiental com essas populações, além de serem realizadas medidas para melhorar o convívio desses animais com as pessoas, visando uma diminuição dos conflitos. Dessa forma, será possível melhorar a percepção e atitude dessas populações com relação aos morcegos
Wet-processed n-type OTFTs utilizing highly-stable colloids of a perylene diimide derivative
Here we propose and demonstrate a new approach to wet-processed organic thin-film transistors utilizing highly-stable colloids of small molecular organic semiconductors prepared by laser ablation technique. Highly stable N,N′-ditridecyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C13) colloids of 0.1 wt% concentration were prepared successfully by laser ablation technique in acetonitrile. Mean particle size of the prepared PTCDI-C13 colloid measured by dynamic light scattering method was smaller than 50 nm which is also confirmed by a transmission electron microscope observation. By simple drop-casting of prepared PTCDI-C13 colloids, typical n-type OTFTs with good saturation properties were fabricated successfully. The highest electron mobility was 1.1 × 10−3 cm2/Vs and increased up to 0.027 cm2/Vs by post-annealing treatment.ArticleORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 14(1):19-25 (2013)journal articl
Comparative Study of Soluble Naphthalene Diimide Derivatives Bearing Long Alkyl Chains as n-type Organic Thin-Film Transistor Materials
ArticleORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 14(2):516-522 (2013)journal articl
Thermal treatment effects on N-alkyl perylene diimide thin-film transistors with different alkyl chain
The authors report that thermal treatment effect on various N,N'-dialkyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarbxylic diimides [PTCDI-Cn, alkyl-dodecyl (n = 12), butadecyl (n = 14), octadecyl (n = 18)] thin-film transistors (TFTs) depends on the substituted alkyl chain length. It is clearly demonstrated that there are two kinds of molecular movements during the thermal treatment on PTCDI films; molecular rearrangement in the same layer and molecular migration from the lower layer to the upper layer. The former is directly related to the grain growth and can be controllable by applying an external electric field. The latter is also related not only to the grain growth but also to the formation of cracks between grains. These two movements show opposite dependence on the alkyl chain length during the thermal treatment; the former is more active in longer alkyl chain, but the latter in shorter one. However, they also have opposite effect to TFT performance, and PTCDI films with longer alkyl chains have great advantage on TFT performance for the thermal treatment. Consequently, PTCDI-C18 TFTs show the highest electron mobility as large as 1.2 cm(2)/V s after the thermal treatment at 140 degrees C. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3525997]ArticleJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 108(12):124512 (2010)journal articl
Suzaku observations of the Hydra A cluster out to the virial radius
We report Suzaku observations of the northern half of the Hydra A cluster out
to ~1.4 Mpc, reaching the virial radius. This is the first Suzaku observations
of a medium-size (kT ~3 keV) cluster out to the virial radius. Two observations
were conducted, north-west and north-east offsets, which continue in a filament
direction and a void direction of the large-scale structure of the Universe,
respectively. The X-ray emission and distribution of galaxies elongate in the
filament direction. The temperature profiles in the two directions are mostly
consistent with each other within the error bars and drop to 1.5 keV at 1.5
r_500. As observed by Suzaku in hot clusters, the entropy profile becomes
flatter beyond r_500, in disagreement with the r^1.1 relationship that is
expected from accretion shock heating models. When scaled with the average
intracluster medium (ICM) temperature, the entropy profiles of clusters
observed with Suzaku are universal and do not depend on system mass. The
hydrostatic mass values in the void and filament directions are in good
agreement, and the Navarro, Frenk, and White universal mass profile represents
the hydrostatic mass distribution up to ~ 2 r_500. Beyond r_500, the ratio of
gas mass to hydrostatic mass exceeds the result of the Wilkinson microwave
anisotropy probe, and at r_100, these ratios in the filament and void
directions reach 0.4 and 0.3, respectively. We discuss possible deviations from
hydrostatic equilibrium at cluster outskirts. We derived radial profiles of the
gasmass- to-light ratio and iron-mass-to-light ratio out to the virial radius.
Within r_500, the iron-mass-to-light ratio of the Hydra A cluster was compared
with those in other clusters observed with Suzaku.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures; Accepted for publication in PAS
Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Bangladesh and Its Association with Diarrhoea and Acute Respiratory Infection: Results of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2003
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and morbidity (diarrhoeal diseases and acute respiratory infection) in infants aged 0-3 month(s) using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2003 data from Bangladesh. The study population included 1,633 infants aged 0-3 month(s). The prevalence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection was compared using the chi-square tests between infants aged 0-3 month(s) who were exclusively breastfed and infants who were not exclusively breastfed. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders and for calculating adjusted odds ratios. To adjust for cluster sampling and reduced variability, the adjusted chi-square value was divided by the design effect, and a re-estimated p value was calculated. The prevalence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in this sample of 0-3-month old infants in Bangladesh was 14.3% and 31.2% respectively. The prevalence of both illnesses was significantly associated with lack of exclusive breastfeeding. The adjusted odds ratio for diarrhoea was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.98, p=0.039), and the adjusted odds ratio for acute respiratory infection was also 0.69 (95% CI 0.54-0.88, p=0.003). Only 192 infants (11.7% of total sample) were exclusively breastfed at the time of interview, and 823 infants (50.3%) were never exclusively breastfed. The prevalence of prelacteal feeding was 66.6%. The results confirmed a protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against infectious diseases-related morbidity in infancy and showed that frequently-collected cross-sectional datasets could be used for estimating effects. The low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Bangladesh needs to be improved to decrease child morbidity
Thermal treatment effects on N-alkyl perylene diimide thin-film transistors with different alkyl chain
The authors report that thermal treatment effect on various N,N'-dialkyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarbxylic diimides [PTCDI-Cn, alkyl-dodecyl (n = 12), butadecyl (n = 14), octadecyl (n = 18)] thin-film transistors (TFTs) depends on the substituted alkyl chain length. It is clearly demonstrated that there are two kinds of molecular movements during the thermal treatment on PTCDI films; molecular rearrangement in the same layer and molecular migration from the lower layer to the upper layer. The former is directly related to the grain growth and can be controllable by applying an external electric field. The latter is also related not only to the grain growth but also to the formation of cracks between grains. These two movements show opposite dependence on the alkyl chain length during the thermal treatment; the former is more active in longer alkyl chain, but the latter in shorter one. However, they also have opposite effect to TFT performance, and PTCDI films with longer alkyl chains have great advantage on TFT performance for the thermal treatment. Consequently, PTCDI-C18 TFTs show the highest electron mobility as large as 1.2 cm(2)/V s after the thermal treatment at 140 degrees C. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3525997]ArticleJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 108(12):124512 (2010)journal articl
Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Bangladesh and Its Association with Diarrhoea and Acute Respiratory Infection: Results of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2003
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between
the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and morbidity (diarrhoeal
diseases and acute respiratory infection) in infants aged 0-3 month(s)
using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2003 data from
Bangladesh. The study population included 1,633 infants aged 0-3
month(s). The prevalence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection
was compared using the chi-square tests between infants aged 0-3
month(s) who were exclusively breastfed and infants who were not
exclusively breastfed. Logistic regression was used to adjust for
confounders and for calculating adjusted odds ratios. To adjust for
cluster sampling and reduced variability, the adjusted chi-square value
was divided by the design effect, and a reestimated p value was
calculated. The prevalence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection
in this sample of 0-3-month old infants in Bangladesh was 14.3% and
31.2% respectively. The prevalence of both illnesses was significantly
associated with lack of exclusive breastfeeding. The adjusted odds
ratio for diarrhoea was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.98,
p=0.039), and the adjusted odds ratio for acute respiratory infection
was also 0.69 (95% CI 0.54-0.88, p=0.003). Only 192 infants (11.7% of
total sample) were exclusively breastfed at the time of interview, and
823 infants (50.3%) were never exclusively breastfed. The prevalence of
prelacteal feeding was 66.6%. The results confirmed a protective effect
of exclusive breastfeeding against infectious diseases-related
morbidity in infancy and showed that frequently-collected
cross-sectional datasets could be used for estimating effects. The low
prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Bangladesh needs to be
improved to decrease child morbidity
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