451 research outputs found

    Coarse-Graining and Self-Dissimilarity of Complex Networks

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    Can complex engineered and biological networks be coarse-grained into smaller and more understandable versions in which each node represents an entire pattern in the original network? To address this, we define coarse-graining units (CGU) as connectivity patterns which can serve as the nodes of a coarse-grained network, and present algorithms to detect them. We use this approach to systematically reverse-engineer electronic circuits, forming understandable high-level maps from incomprehensible transistor wiring: first, a coarse-grained version in which each node is a gate made of several transistors is established. Then, the coarse-grained network is itself coarse-grained, resulting in a high-level blueprint in which each node is a circuit-module made of multiple gates. We apply our approach also to a mammalian protein-signaling network, to find a simplified coarse-grained network with three main signaling channels that correspond to cross-interacting MAP-kinase cascades. We find that both biological and electronic networks are 'self-dissimilar', with different network motifs found at each level. The present approach can be used to simplify a wide variety of directed and nondirected, natural and designed networks.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure

    Severe hepatic injury caused by orlistat

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    ArticleAMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE. 119(8): E7-E7journal articl

    Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan

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    The original publication is available at www.springerlink.comArticleJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY. 44:102-107 (2009)journal articl

    Disulfide relays and phosphorylative cascades: Partners in redox-mediated signaling pathways

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    Modifications of specific amino-acid residues of proteins are fundamental in order to modulate different signaling processes among which the cascade of phosphorylation represents the most effective example. Recently, also, the modification of the redox state of cysteine residues of certain proteins, which is a widespread mechanism in the regulation of protein function, has been proposed to be involved in signaling pathways. Growing evidence shows that some transcription factors could be modulated by both oxidation and phosphorylation. In particular, the pathways regulated by the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases represent well-established examples of the cross talk between redox-mediated signaling and phosphorylative cascades. This review will compare the two modes of signal transduction and propose an evolutionary model of a partnership of the two mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell, with redox-mediated signals being more specific and ancestral and phosphorylative signals being more diffuse but predominant in signal propagation. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved

    Anti-Helicobacter pylori seropositivity: influence on severity and treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis C

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    The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.comArticleJOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS. 14(1): 48-54 (2007)journal articl

    Lack of association between FCRL3 and Fc gamma RII polymorphisms in Japanese type 1 autoimmune hepatitis

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    ArticleCLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. 122(3): 338-342 (2007)journal articl

    DOWN-REGULATION OF SREBP-1C IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF BURNED-OUT NASH

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    Abstracts of the International Liver Congress™ 2010 – the 45th annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL)ArticleJOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY. 52(Suppl. 1):S373-S374 (2010)conference pape
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