Effect of Chlorella vulgaris Alcoholic Extract to Limit the Growth of (Staphylococcus aurous) That Couse Food Poison

The present study was planned to investigate and conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the green algae crud extract of Chlorella vulgaris Staphylococcal food poisoning is a common cause of foodborne illness worldwide. The growth phases of algae were determined and the cultures were harvested at the end of logarithmic phase .The cultures of green algae gave 0.2gm/L. The lipid content of C. vulgaris cell was measured and it was 6.3% of dry weight then the fatty acids were analyzed using the high perform liquid chromatography HPLC technique system. The pathogenic bacteria was isolated and identified from different parts of body including swab from skin, expectorant of lung and from sputum of gum , then 5 different concentration of crude extract of alga C. vulgaris, 100%, 50%,25%,12.5% and 6.3% were tested against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus .The resistance of bacterial isolates was examined against all algal extract concentrations. The results showed that Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to 6.3% concentration of the crude extract of alga C. vulgaris which is the lowest concentration of the algal crude extract. The study concluded that microalgae especially fresh water algae represent a very important source for many active compounds and can be used as antimicrobial agents

Detection of chemical contamination of some herbal slimming available in local markets

Contamination by metals were investigated in this study for herbal slimming which have been widely used in our Iraqi community, Arsenic ( As),  lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), Nickle (Ni), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu), were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Experiment samples were divided to two groups , first group (G1) included five pocket samples of herbal  were collected from pharmacy and moles in Baghdad  ,second group (G2) included unpacked five samples of herbal   that taken from local markets and spices shops . Results showed that G2 was more contaminated than G1, and there were significant differences (0.05 >p) for contamination by heavy metals between samples of G1 and G2. It has also been conducting an exploratory or a questionnaire study of a sample of people who deal with these herbs and put several questions about the way of taking the herbs, a place to buy these herbs and knowing about the risks of these herbs. Results appeared that 30%  of  people  prefers taking samples from G1 but 70% prefers G2 because they are cheaper and easier to buy , also 40% of people were worry for the risks of these herbs while 60% don’t because of less understanding of their dangers. This study suggest that we must give more interest in dealing with these herbals and take it from specific and trusted places, adding no one should take it without prescription.                  

Using locally isolated Chlorella vulgaris in Wastewater Treatment

In this study locally isolated microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris Bejerinck) was used in wastewater treatment to reduce the pollutant parameters. Three parameters were studied to determine the efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris in reducing COD, BOD and PO4 concentration. Samples of wastewater were taken from a primary station in Al-Rustomiya wastewater treatment station. Three different dilutions of wastewater were tested; 100% waste, 75%waste 25%waste with distilled water. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) values started with 370mg/l, 270mg/l and 200mg/l for samples A, B and C respectively, and it reached after 14 days to 112 mg/l, 88 mg/l, and 120 mg/l. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) started with 241mg/l, 200mg/l, and 170 mg/l for samples A, B and C respectively, and it declined to 110 mg/l, 61 mg/l, and 112 mg/l. Finally PO4 started with 39.9 mg/l, 30 mg/l, 21 mg/l and it reached to 17.1mg/l, 8mg/l, 11.2mg/l for samples A, B and C respectively. Sample B showed the best removal values for COD, BOD and PO4 which reached to 88 mg/l, 61 mg/l, and 8 mg/l respectively

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population