A Study on Thermal Performance of Palladium as Material for Passive Heat Transfer Enhancement Devices in Thermal and Electronics Systems

In this work, the thermal behavior of fin made of palladium material under the influences of thermal radiation and internal heat generation is investigated. The thermal model for the extended surface made of palladium as the fin material is first developed and solved numerically using finite difference method. The influences of the thermal model parameters on the heat transfer behaviour of the extended surface are investigated. The results show that the rate of heat transfer through the fin and the thermal efficiency of the fin increase as the thermal conductivity of the fin material increases. This shows that fin is more efficient and effective for a larger value of thermal conductivity. However, the thermal conductivity of the fin with palladium material is low and constant at the value of approximately 75 W/mK in a wider temperature range of -100℃ and 227℃ . Also, it is shown that the thermal efficiencies of potential materials (except for stainless steel and brass) for fins decrease as the fin temperatures increase. This is because the thermal conductivities of most of the materials used for fins decreases as temperature increases.However, keeping other fin properties and the external conditions constant, the thermal efficiency of the palladium is constant as the temperature of the fin increases within the temperature range of -100℃ and 227℃. And outside the given range of temperature, the thermal conductivity of the material increases which increases the efficiency of the fin. The study will assist in the selection of proper material for the fin and in the design of passive heat enhancement devices under different applications and conditions

Therapeutic effects of hydro-ethanolic extract of nigella sativa (black seed) on some haematological parameters of Albino rats after lead exposure

Lead poisoning is a great public health concern in Africa and Nigeria, especially regions where illegal mining activities occurs such as widespread gold ore mining in Zamfara by artisan miners using rudimentary and unsafe processing techniques. Lead (Pb) which often have no biological function remain in the system causes havoc and distortion of normal physiologic functions. Currently, the toxic effects of lead poisoning are clinically treated using chelation therapy which have been associated with many side effects and setbacks. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been used as a major source of treatment for numerous human diseases. Plants that possess hematinic and antioxidant properties in the plant kingdom are often used in such scenarios. One of such plants is Nigella sativa commonly known as black cumin. Objectives: In this study, therapeutic effects of hydroethanolic extracts of Nigella sativa was assessed on hematological parameters of lead- poisoned albino rats as a curative therapy for management of lead poisoning. Method: Thirty- five (35) adult albino wistar rats of both sexes were used for this study. Group I (Normal control) received 2ml/kg of distilled water, Group II (Negative control), Group III treated with 10 mg/kg of Meso-2,3 Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), IV treated with 200 mg/kg of Nigella sativa seed extract, V treated with 400 mg/kg of Nigella sativa seed extract, and VI treated with 800mg/kg of Nigella sativa seed extract for Group VII (Recovery) were allowed to recover without treatment. The study lasted for a duration of 21days. Blood samples were collected from the rats through cardiac puncture after anesthetizing the animals and analysed for haematological parameters which included RBC count, PCV, Hb concentration, platelet count, WBC profile and haematological indices using an automated digital blood analyser. Results: Nigella sativa seed extract significantly (P<0.05) reversed the adverse effect of Lead exposure on RBC count, PCV, Hb concentration, platelet count, WBC profile and haematological indices. Conclusion: Nigella sativa showed therapeutic effects on hematological parameters and indices of lead poisoned albino rats

Measurement and Instrumentation in Mechatronics Engineering Education

Instrumentation and measurement technology has served as the backbone of modern industry. It is very important that engineering graduate should be equipped with the comprehensive knowledge about instrumentation and measurement techniques. This will help them to cope with various industrial sectors. Industrials are eager to get highly educated engineers who can deal with their equipment easily with no extra training. Since industry is continuously upgrading with new generation equipment, it is essential that engineering students should be trained in all major groups of instrumentation including analog technology, digital technology and computer base instrumental. However, there is no any module or references include this three part. Most references are discussing the instrumentation and measurement technology in general or separately. Consequently, the proposition of work is to come up with a one module which will include all instrumentation and measurement technology syllabus specially designed for engineering student to cover the whole aspects. However, the concentration will be devoted to mechatronics engineering

Case study of wireless networked control system : CONECS and COWNECS platform

National audienceMany techniques for the enhancement of the quality of control have been studied in the networked control systems based on differentiated services, synchronization or dynamic aproaches. By controlling the resources of the network, a compromise between the offered quality of service and the required quality of control can be established. In the case of a multi hop control loop, using IEEE 802.15.4 for instance, the quality of control can be affected by the inherent network factors (e.g. the load of traffic, the delay, the jitter). These factors must be considered when the quality of control techniques are applied. By using an on line adaptation of quality of control and some other techniques, we analyze the behavior of the control systems when the control loop includes multi hop paths. Simulation results show the effects of delay components derived from the multi hop paths of the control loop

Mathematical prediction of the compressive strength of bacterial concrete using gene expression programming

The impact of microbial calcium carbonate on concrete strength has been extensively evaluated in the literature. However, there is no predicted equation for the compressive strength of concrete incorporating ureolytic bacteria. Therefore, in the present study, 69 experimental tests were taken into account to introduce a new predicted mathematical formula for compressive strength of bacterial concrete with different concentrations of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, urea, yeast extract, bacterial cells and time using Gene Expression Programming (GEP) modelling. Based on the results, statistical indicators (MAE, RAE, RMSE, RRSE, R and R2) proved the capability of the GEP 2 model to predict compressive strength in which minimum error and high correlation were achieved. Moreover, both predicted and actual results indicated that compressive strength decreased with the increase in nutrient concentration. In contrast, the compressive strength increased with increased bacterial cells concentration. It could be concluded that GEP2 were found to be reliable and accurate compared to that of the experimental results

Overview of satellite communications and its applications in telemedicine for the underserved in Nigeria: a case study

More than 2000 satellites currently relay communications signals to and fro various locations across the globe for Internet, Broadcasting, Telephony and Navigation and the number is expected to quadruple in the next few years due to the proliferation of Global N on-Geo Satellite Constellations. With the potential to connect people separated by great distances, satellites are now being applied in telemedicine to make healthcare cheaper and more accessible. Nigeria has not been left behind in these efforts and has deployed the NIGCOMSAT-1R Communications satellite to provide telemedicine services to patients with health issues. Internally displaced women and children are globally the worst hit by the unavailability of healthcare services, with 87% of deaths in internally displaced person (IDP) camps resulting from preventable illnesses. This presents a clear need for the adoption of telemedicine in IDP camps to provide Digital Health Inclusion services to the vulnerable citizens. We carried out a satellite-enabled telemedicine medical outreach at New Kuchingoro IDP camp in Abuja, Nigeria. A mobile application that allowed for text, audio, and video communication was employed using internet connectivity provided by the NIGCOMSAT-1R Communications Satellite. A total of 317 patients were attended to over the course of three days, and major issues prevalent in Nigerian hospitals, such as long waiting hours, were minimized. The medical outreach experience demonstrates the advantage of satellite broadband for telemedicine projects. It also proves the urgent need for innovative solutions for healthcare delivery in underserved and unserved Nigerian communities