Lapin Challenge Model for Laboratory Development of an Oral Carbohydrate Based Vi Vaccine for Typhoid

A vaccine seed strainVSS of Salmonella enterica serovar typhoid was elected from local isolates of human enteric fever.A cell free culture fitrate antigen was prepared from VSS  for in-vitro use.Vi antigen was separated,characterized from propagation of VSS in a suitable growth media.Incomplete Freund adjuvant IFA  was as immune preconditionar  and as immunostimlant.In three groups of rabbits each of five.First,saline control,second IFA preconditioned and the third was the  Vi-IFA combination in which,the vaccine specific immune priming protocol was IFA through SC route to one week only.Followed by and oral 3mg/5ml dosages in a week  a part for five weeks.Two to three days post to the sixth  week dose,live S.typhi challenge dose of1.5/10 to five was applied per  Os for the three groups.Saline  control group got clinical infection, IFA group has shown 80%  immune efficacy and the Vi-IFA group has shown 100% immune efficacy.Vi-IFA prototype experimental  vaccine formulation proved to be;pure,safe, immunogenic,non-allergenic and immune effective against experimental live  challenge.It induces humoral agglutinins , hem agglutinin and inhibits migration of leukocyte in capillary test.Confirmation of these findings in other nonhuman primate model is suggestive

Urinary Mucosal Cryoglobulin: A Review

The procedure for the assessment of the urinary mucosal cryoglobulin (UMCG) is being reviewed, testified and evaluated. The major features of UMCG are rather similar to that of serum cryoglobulin. Such evident similarities are forming the reality for the existence of the UMCG. There were seven characterizing criteria useable for the identification for UMCG. Upon matching them to the Irish criteria for serum cryoglobulin, some modifications are being proposed to the 16th standards that has been formulated and built as an Irish criterion. The existence of UMCG is being reported for the first time in human chronic infectious bacterial disease

Urinary Mucosal Cryoglobulin: A Review

The procedure for the assessment of the urinary mucosal cryoglobulin (UMCG) is being reviewed, testified and evaluated. The major features of UMCG are rather similar to that of serum cryoglobulin. Such evident similarities are forming the reality for the existence of the UMCG. There were seven characterizing criteria useable for the identification for UMCG. Upon matching them to the Irish criteria for serum cryoglobulin, some modifications are being proposed to the 16th standards that has been formulated and built as an Irish criterion. The existence of UMCG is being reported for the first time in human chronic infectious bacterial disease

Urinary Mucosal Cryoglobulin: A Review

The procedure for the assessment of the urinary mucosal cryoglobulin (UMCG) is being reviewed, testified and evaluated. The major features of UMCG are rather similar to that of serum cryoglobulin. Such evident similarities are forming the reality for the existence of the UMCG. There were seven characterizing criteria useable for the identification for UMCG. Upon matching them to the Irish criteria for serum cryoglobulin, some modifications are being proposed to the 16th standards that has been formulated and built as an Irish criterion. The existence of UMCG is being reported for the first time in human chronic infectious bacterial disease