Sistem Moneter dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

In many economic literatures, economy is divided into two sectors, real sector which covers seroice market and goods market, and monetary sector which consists of money market and equity market. In a part of economic system, monetary that runs in a country will affect the economic rate. Monetary economy can be applied in a polity, called monetary policy. In a conventional discussion, a monetary policy is run in order to reach the increase of national income, to stabilize market price, and to control the inflation rate. To get the goal of that macro-economy, the interest rate is used, in which it becomes the weakness of conventional monetary system. The use of interest rate, furthermore, has caused the economic crisis, indeed global financial crisis. In term of new economic system needs, Islamic monetary system riflers a solution to overcome financial crisis. The riffered system is asset based transaction, free of interest, avoidance of transactions containing speculation (maisir) and uncertainty (gharar). Moreover, it also uses stable curencies, i.e. dinar and dirham. Keyword: Monetary system, interest rate, fiat monry, dinar, dirham

Hukum Pengupahan yang Berkeadilan Substantif (Kajian Teoritis terhadap Teori Upah Teladan)

Social Happiness that we called”justice”, we can find it from society. Justice means in the pay theory , we know that justice isn't happen in the real life. Because payment salary depend on unilateral from the keeper without bargain with the employment that in fact could'nt covering for they worthy life. At the same time, the keeper still life with extra excessive. In the real life, the others theories such us theory of moral pay, theory of social pay, and theory of figure pay, must be applied in our system government about payment and labour. Right now, The theory of Figure Pay in the relationship with labour its very complete each other between employee and their undertaking, because this theory based on humanism

Dynamic Analysis of UAV’s Motor Support Bar Length Control System

UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) can be described as aircraft that do not need any presence of pilots inside it. Basically, UAV is come out in a small aircraft sothat the aircraft can be easily controlled by the people from afar[1]. The UAV’s motor support bar length control systems are the UAV’s control systems that move according to the variable arm length movement and also a constant revolution of the propeller speeds. The purpose of the study is to run the dynamic analysis at the UAV’s motor support bar length control systems and also to enhance the UAV’s mathematical modellingby using the SOLIDWORKS®software which involved in using both CAD and CAE systems[2]. The detaileddesign is used SOLIDWORKS®software to conduct the static and dynamic analysis of UAV’s motor support bar length control systems. The design is restricted to the arm due to the critical part that has the highest vibration at the UAV’s motor support bar length control systems. The results that obtain from the study from the static and dynamic analysis are the displacement of the motor, Von Misses stress of the arm, and also the resonance frequency that will give the modes shape to the systems

Conservation of freshwater fishes in Saudi Arabia

This study aims to gain fundamental knowledge to underpin the formulation of practical solutions to ensure the protection and conservation of Saudi Arabian fishes threatened by anthropogenic activities, whilst taking into account all users and stakeholders.Multivariate analysis, based on species presence/absence data in different water bodies in different regions collected from the literature and this study, was used to determine the biogeographical distribution of fish species in Saudi Arabia. Freshwater fish are mainly located within drainages in the south-west of the Kingdom, both in lowlands (western drainage systems) and highlands (eastern drainage systems) of the Sarawat Mountain Range. Importantly, this study recorded the presence of non-native fish species in the dams located in Al Baha Region, Abha and Rabigh, which means both western and eastern drainage systems are being invaded by non-native species such as Oreochromis spp. and Carassius spp.The ecology of three native (Carasobarbus apoensis, Cyprinion mhalensis, Garra buettikeri) and four non-native (Oreochromis niloticus, Poecilia latipinna, Carassius carassius and Gambusia affinis) species were studied in eight water bodies (five dams, two wadis and one lake) considered representative of the habitats occupied by freshwater fish in Saudi Arabia. Fish were caught by a variety of sampling methods (gill nets, traps and angling) in three seasons (spring [post floods], summer [extreme temperatures and drought conditions] and winter) and examined for age and growth, feeding ecology and reproductive characteristics. The growth of each species was found to vary between sites and was related mostly to habitat type and the quality of the environment.The dietary studies provided valuable information about the feeding habits of native and non-native fish species in Saudi Arabia and the how foods consumed varied between species, habitat types, size/age of fish species and with season. All species were found to be omnivorous, with varying degrees of specialism towards planktivorous, herbivorous or detritivorous diets, with the exception of Garra buettikeri, which is a planktivorous/benthivorous species. Differences in diets were found between locations and seasons for the three native species, and these were concluded to be related to variability in environmental conditions and approximation to the preferred habitat type of the species. Ontogenetic shifts in diet were found among the three native species examined, but the small individual sizes of two of the non-native species, Poecilia latipinna and Gambusia affinis, and small sample sizes of other non-natives precluded such an analysis. Little overlap was found between the food items consumed by native and non-native species, and where it was observed it was largely food items in abundant supply, such as detritus and benthic algae.Carasobarbus apoensis and Cyprinion mahalensis spawned exclusively in spring during the rainy seasons. Garra buettikeri is as batch spawner, and was reproductively active throughout the year. Oreochromis niloticus is reproductively throughout the year, and Poecilia latipinna and Gambusia affinis are viviparous species with two main periods of spawning in spring and autumn. Spawning appears to be driven by rainfall and increased productivity associated with high water events.The findings of this study were used to formulate a Saudi freshwater fish management plan targeting mainly conservation issues. The plan provides an overview of the status of the fisheries, threats, exploitation pressures and governance structures. Options for management of the fisheries are provided and the integration of freshwater fisheries in water resource management plans is stressed as an affirmative action