The Growth of Chlorella vulgaris Cultured in Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Water Hyacint H (Eichhornia crassipes) at Different Salinities

This study aims to determine the effect of salinity on the growth of microalgae C. vulgaris cultured in 5% concentration of water hyacinth liquid organic fertilizer. The research used a completely randomized design with four salinity treatments at 30, 35, 40 and 45 ppt in triplicates. The volume of culture media was 150 mL that consisted of 142.5 ml of sterile sea water and 7.5 ml of water hyacinth organic fertilizer. The increase in microalgae cell density was observed every other day using haemocytometer under light microscope. The culture was harvested after they reached stationary phase at day 8. Culture age (p= 0,00\u3c0.05) and salinity (p= 0,00\u3c0.05) affected the growth, dry weight and biomass productivity of C. vulgaris. Cells density and yield in all salinities tested was significantly different (p= 0,00\u3c0.05) at stationary phase of growth. Higher cell density, specific growth rate, yield, dry weight and biomass productivity were observed in 40 ppt salinity compared to other salinities. At 40 ppt, cell density was 85.33 x 104 cells. ml-1 as well as specific growth rate that was at 0.839 cells.day-1, with the highest average yield of C. vulgaris was observed on day 6 and day 8 (exponential to stationary phase) at 115, 3 x 104 cells.ml-1. Similarly, considerably higher dry weight at 40 ppt was observed at 0.038 g.L-1 with biomass productivity at 0.032 g.L-1.day-1 compared to other salinities tested However these results were not significantly different (p=0.7\u3e0.05) from other salinities. This study suggested that 40 ppt can be used to culture C. vulgaris in 5 % concentration of water hyacinth organic medium to obtain better growth and higher biomass production

Multicanonical sampling of rare events in random matrices

A method based on multicanonical Monte Carlo is applied to the calculation of large deviations in the largest eigenvalue of random matrices. The method is successfully tested with the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE), sparse random matrices, and matrices whose components are subject to uniform density. Specifically, the probability that all eigenvalues of a matrix are negative is estimated in these cases down to the values of $\sim 10^{-200}$, a region where naive random sampling is ineffective. The method can be applied to any ensemble of matrices and used for sampling rare events characterized by any statistics.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Raman tensor analysis of hexagonal polyoxymethylene and its application to study the molecular arrangement in highly crystalline electrospun nanofibers

The orientation dependence in space of Raman-active vibrations in the hexagonal structure of polyoxymethylene (POM) is discussed in terms of Raman tensor elements as intrinsic physical parameters of the lattice. The variation of polarized intensity for the A1 and the E1 vibrational modes with respect to the POM molecular orientation is systematically studied, from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints, according to the symmetry assignments of each vibrational mode. A set of working equations including the Raman selection rules associated with the A1 and the E1 modes and the orientation distribution function are explicitly formulated and validated by means of a least-square fitting procedure on experimental data. In addition, an approach based on the introduction of orientation distribution functions is applied to quantitatively assess and compare on a statistical base the molecular orientation of two different types of electrospun POM nanofibers. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Simulation of Lattice Polymers with Multi-Self-Overlap Ensemble

A novel family of dynamical Monte Carlo algorithms for lattice polymers is proposed. Our central idea is to simulate an extended ensemble in which the self-avoiding condition is systematically weakened. The degree of the self-overlap is controlled in a similar manner as the multicanonical ensemble. As a consequence, the ensemble --the multi-self-overlap ensemble-- contains adequate portions of self-overlapping conformations as well as higher energy ones. It is shown that the multi-self-overlap ensemble algorithm reproduce correctly the canonical averages at finite temperatures of the HP model of lattice proteins. Moreover, it outperforms massively a standard multicanonical algorithm for a difficult example of a polymer with 8-stickers. Alternative algorithm based on exchange Monte Carlo method is also discussed.Comment: 5 Pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses epsf.st

Parallelization of Markov chain generation and its application to the multicanonical method

We develop a simple algorithm to parallelize generation processes of Markov chains. In this algorithm, multiple Markov chains are generated in parallel and jointed together to make a longer Markov chain. The joints between the constituent Markov chains are processed using the detailed balance. We apply the parallelization algorithm to multicanonical calculations of the two-dimensional Ising model and demonstrate accurate estimation of multicanonical weights.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, uses elsart.cl

Ethnic differences in thromboprophylaxis for COVID-19 patients: should they be considered?

© 2021, Japanese Society of Hematology. Thromboembolic events contribute to morbidity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As a result, thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is universally recommended for hospitalized patients based on multiple guidelines. However, ethnic differences with respect to thrombogenicity have been reported and the incidence of thromboembolic events is considered to be lower in the Asian population. Despite the importance of thromboprophylaxis, bleeding is also a side effect that should be considered. We examine the data relating to potential ethnic differences in thrombosis and bleeding in COVID-19. Although sufficient data is not yet available, current evidence does not oppose routine anticoagulant use and thromboprophylaxis using a standard dose of LMWH for admitted patients regardless of ethnicity based on our review

Testing Error Correcting Codes by Multicanonical Sampling of Rare Events

The idea of rare event sampling is applied to the estimation of the performance of error-correcting codes. The essence of the idea is importance sampling of the pattern of noises in the channel by Multicanonical Monte Carlo, which enables efficient estimation of tails of the distribution of bit error rate. The idea is successfully tested with a convolutional code