Freedom of the Press – Component of Freedom of Expression

The democratic development of a specific society implies the pluralism of ideas and conceptions about the world and life, about social organization, about the relations between the members of the society. As social beings, people need to receive ideas and information and to express, in any form possible, their own ideas and conceptions. That is why the right to freedom of expression and implicitly the freedom of press is a component guaranteed by the international legal documents in the matters of human rights

THE HARMONISATION OF LEGISLATION ON COMBATTING TAX EVASION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Combating tax evasion is part of the Lisbon Strategy. Tax fraud created a significant distortion in the functioning of the internal market and prevented fair competition.In its resolution of 2th of September 2008 on a coordinated strategy to improve the fight against fiscal fraud (2008/2033 (INI)) the European Parliament stressed that the Member States cannot combat cross-border fraud in isolation and called on the Commission to propose mechanisms to promote cooperation between Member States.This paper aims to analyse the main mechanisms to combat the tax evasion at the European level and, also, the changes that our country had to make in the field of legislation in order to achieve the EU standard on the fight against tax evasion

AGROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW RANGE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZERS

In the context of a competitive and sustainable agriculture, the development of novel fertilizers with foliar application is always a challenge for both producers and users. Worldwide, a major trend in the research, development and production of organic substances fertilizers with growth-stimulating role is noticed. Thus, these new fertilizers formulas can be used in both, conventional and organic farming (especially to protect crops from climatic stress factors and to prevent or correct nutritional deficiencies). The production of fertilizers that contain natural organic compounds embedded in NPK matrix structures has increased. As organic substances are used protein hydrolysates, amino acids and algae extracts.In this study, in order to obtain a new range of fertilizers we defined the composition of a NPK matrix with meso- and microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mg, S, Co, Mo) that was subsequently embedded with protein hydrolysate of animal origin (composed of peptides, ureide and amino acids) respectively, protein hydrolysate of vegetal origin.The new developed fertilizers were characterized and tested in the National Network for Fertilizers Testing in order to be licensed for agriculture use. The experiments were carried out for two years on different crops by foliar application in comparison to a similar NPK matrix. The obtained results showed significant production yields (in comparison to the non-fertilized control) ranging from 20% to 40% (statistically insured), as well as changes in the photosynthesis and mineral nutrition processes

Brainstem infarction in a patient with internal carotid dissection and persistent trigeminal artery: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most commonly described fetal anastomosis between the carotid and vertebrobasilar circulations.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a 42-year-old patient presenting with internal carotid dissection, and imaging features of brainstem infarction.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Based on the imaging studies we presume occlusive carotid dissection with extensive thrombosis within a persistent trigeminal artery as the cause of this brainstem ischemia.</p

ЩОДЕННЕ ЖИТТЯ ТА РЕЛІГІЙНІ СВЯТА В РУМУНІЇ У КОМУНІСТИЧНИЙ ПЕРІОД| DAILY LIFE AND RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS IN ROMANIA DURING THE COMMUNIST PERIOD

Даніела Янку. Щоденне життя та релігійні свята в Румунії у період комунізму. У дослідженні зроблено спробу проаналізувати особливості святкування основних релігійних свят у комуністичний період у Румунії, що постає метою пропонованої студії. Методологія обіймає історично-ретроспективний аналіз, метод прямого опису польових матеріалів. Новизна дослідження полягає у доведенні ідеї, що мінімізація святкування традиційних свят у Румунії була однією з цілей Комуністичної партії, оскільки обрядодії та народні свята, окрім своїх першочергових функцій, релігійних, культурних, естетичних, комічних, мають також важливі етнічні, громадські функції. Висновки. Комуністичні лідери прагнули, щоб християнські звичаї та ритуали зникли з побуту населення, але вони були законсервовані суспільством у своїх щоденних святкуваннях, фестивальних діях, обрядодійствах календарного циклу, у весільних та поховальних обрядах тощо.Daniela Iancu. Daily life and religious holidays in Romania during the communist period. This study tries to expose the situation of the main religious holidays during the communist period in Romania. In Roumania, we know that the religious holydays were one of the targets targeted by the Communist Party, because they hold, besides their well-known functions – religious, cultural, playful, aesthetic, cosmic – also an important ethnic, community function, what activate the goal of the study. The communist leaders wanted Christianity to be faded from the public space, but it was summoned socially in the form of commemorations, so it leads the novelty of the investigation. There are several works devoted to religion in post communist Europe. The problematic relationship between the state and society, in all its forms of existence, and the religious phenomenon, between the temporal power and the transcendent power occupy a fundamental place in the sociological and historical thought. Patrick Michel, studying in his works on the specific issue of the relationship between religion the Church and totalitarian power, explains how much religion has suffered the hostile attitude of the power that tried to reduce its presence in the world social space he has just arrogated. It recalls the efforts of this one, to remain in the socio-political field, by refusing the rules of the political game introduced by the totalitarian power, by infiltrating inside the social field, in all its components, for to be present and participate in the existence of autonomous social spaces. In the Balkan countries, the image of a religion abused both by the identity and the political often revives with the discourse of post-communist religious renewal. In Bulgaria or Albania, there is this vision of religiosity completely stifled by the totalitarian regime. The vision of a religious emptiness imposed by the previous regime is specific to research on religious in the postcommunist era, a vision that emphasizes the repression of Christian religiosity and the resulting consequences for society. The researchers analyzed what happened during the socialist period and how religious life continued under the appearance of forced atheism. Conclusions. The biographical approach served as a starting point for field investigations aimed at documenting, from case-bycase reconstruction, stories of family trajectories, the multitute ritual solutions adopted during the communist period. I conducted exploratory surveys in Oltenia, the western part of Romanian Wallachia, which remained essentially a rural area, with the exception of the only big city of Craiova, (Oltenia's historical capital is the most important urban and administrative center district – 300,000 inhabitants) one of the largest cultural centers of the country. These first investigations that I conducted reveal the existence of a set of clandestine practices that were introduced, under the communist regime, to replace the absence of the Church in the main moments 16 Cioraianu Ce Ceausesco qui hante les Roumains, L’agence universitaire de la Francophonie [Ceausesco haunting Romanians, The University Agency of La Francophonie], Bucarest, 2004. 17 Brad I. «L’élu des élus» in Scanteia, 20 janvier, 1983. 18 «Mos Craciun 1947 à Craiova; Le Noel des hommes du travail”["Mos Craciun 1947 in Craiova; Christmas of the men of work "], „Inainte” 25.12.1947. 108 Iancu D. Daily life and religious holidays in Romania… related to the life cycle, especially for baptism and marriage, the prohibition of all religious attendance imposed on Party cadres, and the attempt to completely de-sacralize religious holidays. I also realized a work in the local archives of Oltenia, to expose the media of the time, the written press was the main means of the propagation of the new ideology. We had tried to expose the gradual way in which the communist system tried to impose the calendar that marked "the new era": we could distinguish the means used by the regime to manipulate the opinions and behavior of people regarding Religious holidays. These techniques of modeling the mentality of people are found abundantly in all the documents of that time. The effort to supplant the religious of daily life is also exerted on the celebration of festivals and calendar rites. The most followed restrictions are applied to Christic feasts (especially Christmas and Easter), while other festivals related to the commemoration of saints are recovered by the socialist ritual system. These are saints that the oral tradition has dedicated as patrons of economic activities (livestock, viticulture, beekeeping), a resource exploited by both the regime and the ordinary social actors. The Christian holiday becomes a folkloric entertainment

Inherited Renal Tubulopathies—Challenges and Controversies

Electrolyte homeostasis is maintained by the kidney through a complex transport function mostly performed by specialized proteins distributed along the renal tubules. Pathogenic variants in the genes encoding these proteins impair this function and have consequences on the whole organism. Establishing a genetic diagnosis in patients with renal tubular dysfunction is a challenging task given the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, functional characteristics of the genes involved and the number of yet unknown causes. Part of these difficulties can be overcome by gathering large patient cohorts and applying high-throughput sequencing techniques combined with experimental work to prove functional impact. This approach has led to the identification of a number of genes but also generated controversies about proper interpretation of variants. In this article, we will highlight these challenges and controversies