Prevalence of Dental Caries in 5-Year-Old Children in a Northeast Brazilian Capital

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in children aged five years in a Northeast Brazilian Capital (Fortaleza, CE) and its association with sociodemographic conditions, presence of malocclusion, and gingival bleeding. Material and Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study carried out in a representative sample of 3,582 children aged five years in the city of Fortaleza-CE. Data was collected in public and private schools distributed in the city\u27s Regional Health Coordination (CORES). Each of the six CORES worked with five field teams, participating in inter-examiner training and calibration with a final KAPPA coefficient of 0.87. Data were collected using a clinical form adapted from the SB Brasil 2010 questionnaire on sociodemographic conditions. The indices of dmft, need for treatment, malocclusion, and gingival bleeding were used for oral health conditions. The data were submitted to Pearson\u27s Chi-square or Fisher\u27s Exact tests, and the variables that show values of p<0.05 were submitted to a multinomial logistic regression model (forward stepwise model). Results: 57.1% of children were caries-free, and the mean dmft-d was 1.65 (1.65±2.65). CORES I and VI were the ones that presented the most significant association with caries attacks in all primary molars. The highest percentage of caries in the 2nd upper molar (60.6%), 1st lower molar (59%), and 2nd lower molar (58.8%) were found in children with normal occlusion. There was a significant association between gingival bleeding and caries in all molars and the need for treatment. Conclusion: These results allow us to observe that the prevalence of dental caries in 5-year-old children in Fortaleza is low, although with a tendency to increase

Oral diseases in 12-year-old schoolchildren in a capital city in northeast Brazil: rise or decline?

This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the distribution of oral diseases in 12-year-old schoolchildren in Fortaleza, Northeast, Brazil. Based on the SB Brasil 2010, 30 calibrated dentists evaluated 1,509 children. Data were submitted to Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's Exact tests, considering p<0.05. It was observed that 67.3% of the children were caries free and the mean DMFT-D was 0.86, with a predominance of the carious component (69.8%) in its composition. Main needs found: restorations (33.5%), pulp treatment (4.8%) and extractions (4.1%). The prevalence of fluorosis was 32.5%. As for periodontal disease, 56.6% of the students did not present bleeding and the presence of calculus in the examined sextants. The prevalence of malocclusion was 40.3%. It is concluded that the Municipality of Fortaleza has low caries severity and low prevalence of periodontal disease. Fluorosis is more prevalent in the very mild form. The total number of children with normal occlusion was greater than those with malocclusion. Regarding the severity of malocclusion detected, defined malocclusion prevailed. A decline in caries disease was observed, however, fluorosis and malocclusion showed an increase when compared to previous epidemiological surveys

Prevalence of Dental Caries in 5-Year-Old Children in a Northeast Brazilian Capital

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in children aged five years in a Northeast Brazilian Capital (Fortaleza, CE) and its association with sociodemographic conditions, presence of malocclusion, and gingival bleeding. Material and Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study carried out in a representative sample of 3,582 children aged five years in the city of Fortaleza-CE. Data was collected in public and private schools distributed in the city's Regional Health Coordination (CORES). Each of the six CORES worked with five field teams, participating in inter-examiner training and calibration with a final KAPPA coefficient of 0.87. Data were collected using a clinical form adapted from the SB Brasil 2010 questionnaire on sociodemographic conditions. The indices of dmft, need for treatment, malocclusion, and gingival bleeding were used for oral health conditions. The data were submitted to Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's Exact tests, and the variables that show values of p<0.05 were submitted to a multinomial logistic regression model (forward stepwise model). Results: 57.1% of children were caries-free, and the mean dmft-d was 1.65 (1.65±2.65). CORES I and VI were the ones that presented the most significant association with caries attacks in all primary molars. The highest percentage of caries in the 2nd upper molar (60.6%), 1st lower molar (59%), and 2nd lower molar (58.8%) were found in children with normal occlusion. There was a significant association between gingival bleeding and caries in all molars and the need for treatment. Conclusion: These results allow us to observe that the prevalence of dental caries in 5-year-old children in Fortaleza is low, although with a tendency to increase

Lesão Pulmonar Associada Ao Uso De Cigarros Eletrônicos: Revisão De Literatura

E-cigarettes, a widely used emerging product, are facing growing popularity despite little research into their health risks. Electronic Cigarette Use Associated Lung Injury, or EVALI, has become a prominent concern in recent research, expanding the need to understand the health effects of vaping, given the diversity of technologies and liquids involved. An integrative review was carried out to analyze the relationship between electronic cigarettes and lung injuries, using the PubMed database. 664 articles were selected, with inclusion criteria based on human studies published between 2018 and 2023. The analysis, exclusion and selection process was carefully conducted by the authors. Electronic cigarettes, consisting of a battery, atomizer and liquid, stand out due to the uncertainty about their health effects, in contrast to traditional cigarettes. EVALI, predominantly associated with the vaporization of THC products, reveals serious symptoms and significant risks. The complex composition of e-liquids, especially when exposed to high temperatures, generates harmful substances, including carbonyl compounds, suspected of causing oxidative stress and inflammation in the airways. The integrative review highlights the lack of consensus on the safety of electronic cigarettes and the urgency in understanding the associated risks. EVALI, as a diagnosis of exclusion, highlights the need for immediate investigation in the event of respiratory symptoms. Treatment and monitoring of EVALI patients requires a careful approach, considering clinical and risk factors. Public education about potential dangers and cessation strategies becomes crucial, especially among young people.Los cigarrillos electrónicos, un producto emergente ampliamente utilizado, se enfrentan a una creciente popularidad a pesar de la poca investigación sobre sus riesgos para la salud. La lesión pulmonar asociada al uso de cigarrillos electrónicos, o EVALI, se ha convertido en una preocupación destacada en investigaciones recientes, ampliando la necesidad de comprender los efectos del vapeo en la salud, dada la diversidad de tecnologías y líquidos involucrados. Se realizó una revisión integradora para analizar la relación entre los cigarrillos electrónicos y las lesiones pulmonares, utilizando la base de datos PubMed. Se seleccionaron 664 artículos, con criterios de inclusión basados ​​en estudios en humanos publicados entre 2018 y 2023. El proceso de análisis, exclusión y selección fue cuidadosamente realizado por los autores. Los cigarrillos electrónicos, compuestos por batería, atomizador y líquido, destacan por la incertidumbre sobre sus efectos sobre la salud, a diferencia de los cigarrillos tradicionales. EVALI, predominantemente asociado con la vaporización de productos de THC, revela síntomas graves y riesgos importantes. La compleja composición de los e-líquidos, especialmente cuando se exponen a altas temperaturas, genera sustancias nocivas, incluidos compuestos carbonílicos, sospechosos de causar estrés oxidativo e inflamación en las vías respiratorias. La revisión integradora destaca la falta de consenso sobre la seguridad de los cigarrillos electrónicos y la urgencia de comprender los riesgos asociados. EVALI, como diagnóstico de exclusión, destaca la necesidad de investigación inmediata en caso de síntomas respiratorios. El tratamiento y seguimiento de los pacientes con EVALI requiere un enfoque cuidadoso, considerando los factores clínicos y de riesgo. La educación pública sobre los peligros potenciales y las estrategias para dejar de fumar se vuelve crucial, especialmente entre los jóvenes.Os cigarros eletrônicos, produto emergente amplamente utilizado, enfrentam crescente popularidade apesar da escassa investigação sobre seus riscos à saúde. A Lesão Pulmonar Associada ao Uso de Cigarro Eletrônico, ou EVALI, tornou-se uma preocupação destacada nas pesquisas recentes, ampliando a necessidade de compreender os efeitos da vaporização na saúde, dada a diversidade de tecnologias e líquidos envolvidos. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa para analisar a relação entre cigarros eletrônicos e lesões pulmonares, utilizando a base de dados PubMed. Foram selecionados 664 artigos, com critérios de inclusão baseados em estudos humanos publicados entre 2018 e 2023. O processo de análise, exclusão e seleção foi conduzido de forma criteriosa pelos autores. Os cigarros eletrônicos, compostos por bateria, atomizador e líquido, destacam-se pela incerteza sobre seus efeitos à saúde, em contraste com os tradicionais. A EVALI, predominantemente associada à vaporização de produtos com THC, revela sintomas graves e riscos significativos. A composição complexa dos e-líquidos, especialmente quando expostos a altas temperaturas, gera substâncias nocivas, incluindo compostos carbonílicos, suspeitos de causar estresse oxidativo e inflamação nas vias aéreas. A revisão integrativa destaca a falta de consenso sobre a segurança dos cigarros eletrônicos e a urgência em compreender os riscos associados. A EVALI, como diagnóstico de exclusão, destaca a necessidade de investigação imediata diante de sintomas respiratórios. O tratamento e o acompanhamento de pacientes EVALI requerem abordagem cuidadosa, considerando fatores clínicos e de risco. A educação pública sobre os perigos potenciais e estratégias de cessação torna-se crucial, especialmente entre os jovens