Tables 3_Strain values_Unilateral biting

Values of tensile and compressive strains during finite element simulations of unilateral molar bitin

Table 1_Diet, MA, PC, Moments

Diet, mechanical advantage, skull shape and biomechanical variables for the phyllostomid bat species studies. Morphological data collected from dry skulls and biomechanical variables generated through a 3D bite force mode

Table 2_Strain values_Bilateral biting

Values of tensile and compressive strains during finite element simulations of bilateral molar bitin

Modulus factor vs. temperature.

<p>This figure illustrates the linear relationship between modulus and temperature used in the Thermally Graded material model we developed in this study.</p

Experimental and FE model maximum shear strains.

<p>Maximum shear strains collected from each of the analyses are plotted against grand mean of experimental data. Also included in this figure are the shear strain results from the orthotropic material property FE model (Regional Orthotropic) used in the 2005 study of same model <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017004#pone.0017004-Strait3" target="_blank">[23]</a>. All other data are derived from this study. Working and balancing side data are labeled with (W) and (B), respectively. Descriptions for each location shown on the macaque skull (upper right) are as follows: 1) dorsal interorbital; 2) working side dorsal orbital; 3) balancing side dorsal orbital; 4) working side infraorbital; 5) balancing side infraorbital; 6) working side zygomatic arch; 7) balancing side zygomatic arch; 8) working side postorbital bar.</p

Regional isotropic material properties from Strait <i>et al.</i>[23].

<p>Each FE model was divided into 17 different regions for which separate material properties could be assigned. Regions and corresponding material properties are listed here.</p

Steady state temperature distribution.

<p>Steady state temperature distribution throughout the skull is determined by heat conduction based on temperatures at seed points (red squares) on the skull. High temperatures in regions of the skull indicate high moduli according to the linear relationship shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017004#pone-0017004-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3</a>.</p

Dumont_etal2014_Evolution_engineering_model_output

Date from engineering model used as input in Brownian motion and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models of trait evolution

Supplementary Tables and Figures

Supplementary Tables and Figure

Supplementary methods

Supplementary methods: engineering model, qualitative and quantitative validation, and phylogenetic