Effect of in vitro infection with dengue virus (DEN-2) on various cellular immune response functions in the mouse [Efecto de la infección in vitro del virus del dengue (DEN-2) sobre algunas funciones de la respuesta inmune celular del ratón.]

When Dengue type 2 virus (DEN-2) is put in contact with spleen cells from DBA/2 mice that had been stimulated with Concanavalin A, it was found a decrease in the incorporation of (3H) Thymidine. Furthermore it was observed that the number of Antibody forming cells (Plaque forming cells) against SRBC was decreased, when lymphocytes from DBA/2 mice spleen in culture, had been stimulated with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in vitro and then infected with DEN-2 virus and the interleukin-1 (IL-1) biosynthesis was quantified in the thymocyte system it was shown that macrophages produced high levels of IL-1 compared with non-infected cells, and that this increased levels could be similar to that produced when macrophages are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide form E. Coli (LPS). The above mentioned results suggest that DEN-2 virus is able of altering some functions of the immune response concerning T and B lymphocytes. Furthermore, the infection of P388D1 cells induce in the first 24 hours an over production of IL-1 that could be the reason why in the natural infection in humans, patients run a fever in the beginning of the viremia caused by DEN-2 virus related with the property of IL-1 reported as endogenous pyrogen

Effect of in vitro infection with dengue virus (DEN-2) on various cellular immune response functions in the mouse [Efecto de la infección in vitro del virus del dengue (DEN-2) sobre algunas funciones de la respuesta inmune celular del ratón.]

When Dengue type 2 virus (DEN-2) is put in contact with spleen cells from DBA/2 mice that had been stimulated with Concanavalin A, it was found a decrease in the incorporation of (3H) Thymidine. Furthermore it was observed that the number of Antibody forming cells (Plaque forming cells) against SRBC was decreased, when lymphocytes from DBA/2 mice spleen in culture, had been stimulated with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in vitro and then infected with DEN-2 virus and the interleukin-1 (IL-1) biosynthesis was quantified in the thymocyte system it was shown that macrophages produced high levels of IL-1 compared with non-infected cells, and that this increased levels could be similar to that produced when macrophages are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide form E. Coli (LPS). The above mentioned results suggest that DEN-2 virus is able of altering some functions of the immune response concerning T and B lymphocytes. Furthermore, the infection of P388D1 cells induce in the first 24 hours an over production of IL-1 that could be the reason why in the natural infection in humans, patients run a fever in the beginning of the viremia caused by DEN-2 virus related with the property of IL-1 reported as endogenous pyrogen

Tribocorrosion behavior and ions release of CoCrMo alloy coated with a TiAlVCN/CNx multilayer in simulated body fluid plus bovine serum albumin

Evasion or subversion of host immune responses have been shown for a variety of microorganisms, and this might be the case for Trichophyton rubrum, the most common pathogenic fungus causing chronic dermatophytosis in humans. Keratinocytes, the main epidermal cells, have important roles as a first defense against microbial challenges in local immune reactions. Epidermal keratinocytes express several Toll-like receptors and produce host defense peptides, cytokines and chemokines in response to various stimuli. We analyzed the expression of Toll-Like receptor TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and Human Beta Defensin (HBD)-1, HBD-2, Interleukin IL-1b and IL-8 production, when exposing primary keratinocyte cultures to T. rubrum. We observed changes in size and granularity of keratinocytes stimulated with either whole conidia or conidial homogenates compared to other treatments. Intact conidia decreased keratinocytes' TLR2 and TLR6 expression without affecting that of TLR4, while conidial homogenates increased the expression of these three receptors. Interestingly, whole conidia decreased HBD-1 and HBD-2 production, whereas conidial homogenate increased it. No changes were observed in IL-1b and IL-8 production after stimulation with conidia or conidial homogenate. CONCLUSIONS. Our results suggest that: 1) Keratinocytes can recognize and respond to cell wall components of T. rubrum; 2) Viable intact conidia inhibit TLR-2 and TLR6 expression and decrease HBD-1 and HBD-2 production; 3) Conidial homogenate from T. rubrum increases the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 and induces HBD-1 and HBD-2 production; 4) Therefore, innate immune functions of keratinocytes as the first level of local skin immunity are apparently manipulated by T. rubrum, likely to ensure its establishment, persistence and survival. " 2011 Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Wien.",,,,,,"10.2478/s11535-011-0060-6",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45484","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-81755185455&partnerID=40&md5=a5e85c068eb19963faca8341828905e8",,,,,,"6",,"Central European Journal of Biology",,"90

Deficiency in the incorporation of labeled thymidine and inhibition in the biosynthesis of interleukin-2 in lymphocytes obtained from Histoplasma capsulatum infected mice

The incorporation of (3H) thymidine and the biosynthesis of interleukin-2(IL-2) were investigated in Concanavalin A (ConA) and histoplasmin stimulated lymphocytes from spleen of infected Balb/c mice with the yeast phases of Histoplasma capsulatum. The ability to incorporate (3H) thymidine of Con A stimulated lymphocytes in culture from spleen of Histoplasma capsulatum infected mice, as well as the IL-2 content present in the supernatants of that cultures, were depressed along the first three weeks of the experiments, but starting week five, normal values were restored or even discretly increased. Incorporation of (3H) thymidine in histoplasmin stimulated lymphocytes remained inhibited along the seven weeks the experiment lasted. Results showed that inoculation of H. capsulatum yeast in mice provoked a temporary immunosuppression on cell mediated immunity, that can be explained by means of the inability of T cells to produce enough IL-2 necessary for the proliferation of T cells in culture. � 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers

Environmental responses and productivity of the CAM plant, Agave tequilana

Mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most common and expensive illness of dairy cows throughout the world. Although stress and physical injuries may give rise to inflammation of the udders, infections by bacteria or other microorganisms remain the major cause, and infusion of antibiotics is the main treatment approach. However, the increased emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the production of milk contaminated with antibiotics has become a serious threat in the livestock. Hence, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new therapeutic agents with a new mode of action. Gene-encoded AMPs, which represent the first line of defence in all living organisms, are considered as promising candidates for the development of new anti-infective agents. This paper reports on the antibacterial activities in vitro and in an animal model, of the frog skin AMP esculentin 1-21 [Esc(1-21)], along with a plausible mode of action. Our data revealed that this peptide (i) is highly potent against the most common mastitis-causingmicrobes (e.g. Streptococcus agalactiae); and (ii) is active in vivo, causing a visible regression of the clinical stage of mastitis in dairy cows, after 1 week of peptide treatment. Biophysical characterisation revealed that the peptide adopts an a-helical structure in microbial mimicking membranes and is able to permeate the membrane of S. agalactiae in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these data suggest Esc(1-21) as an attractive AMP for the future design of new antibiotics to cure mastitis in cattle. Copyright " 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",,,,,,"10.1002/psc.1148",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41291","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70349647481&partnerID=40&md5=6f06e86a5ca18aa8ae47f15fcac2b6c

Deficiency in the biosynthesis of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and functional presence of the IL-2 receptor in lepromatous leprosy

We report here the results of a study looking for the production of IL-2 by lymphocytes from patients with LL, and the functional presence of IL-2 receptors on their lymphocytes

Response to phytohemagglutinin of LL patients' lymphocytes preincubated in culture media [2]

[No abstract available

Response to phytohemagglutinin of LL patients' lymphocytes preincubated in culture media [2]

[No abstract available

The antitumoral effect of lymphokines and a single dose of cyclophosphamide in mice with mirine lymphoma [SINERGISMO ANTITUMORAL DE LINFOCINAS Y DOSIS UNICA DE CICLOFOSFAMIDA EN RATONES CON LINFOMA MURINO]

[No abstract available