The Etiological Spectrum OF Short Stature among Children Attending Endocrine Clinic at Tertiary Care Hospital

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Generation of Julia and Mandelbrot Sets via Fixed Points

The aim of this paper is to present an application of a fixed point iterative process in generation of fractals namely Julia and Mandelbrot sets for the complex polynomials of the form T(x)=xn+mx+r where m,r is an element of C and n >= 2. Fractals represent the phenomena of expanding or unfolding symmetries which exhibit similar patterns displayed at every scale. We prove some escape time results for the generation of Julia and Madelbrot sets using a Picard Ishikawa type iterative process. A visualization of the Julia and Mandelbrot sets for certain complex polynomials is presented and their graphical behaviour is examined. We also discuss the effects of parameters on the color variation and shape of fractals.This research was funded by Basque Government through grant number IT 1207-19

Antioxidative activity of clove (syzygium aromaticum) oil administration in Middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao) Models of acute focal cerebral ischemia

Stroke is a multifactorial neurological deficit syndrome. Oxidative stress is the principal underlying pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke associated with neuronal damage and neuroinflammation

Accelerated Modified Tseng’s Extragradient Method for Solving Variational Inequality Problems in Hilbert Spaces

The aim of this paper is to propose a new iterative algorithm to approximate the solution for a variational inequality problem in real Hilbert spaces. A strong convergence result for the above problem is established under certain mild conditions. Our proposed method requires the computation of only one projection onto the feasible set in each iteration. Some numerical examples are presented to support that our proposed method performs better than some known comparable methods for solving variational inequality problems.This research was funded by Basque Government: IT1207-19

B-type natriuretic peptide versus amino terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide: selecting the optimal heart failure marker in patients with impaired kidney function

Background: The effect of impaired kidney function on B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) is vague. This study was performed to examine the effect of kidney dysfunction on the afore-mentioned markers and determine appropriate cutoffs for systolic heart failure (SHF). Methods: In this cross sectional study adults with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)/min for ≥3 months were identified in consulting clinics from June 2009 to March 2010. SHF was defined as documented by a cardiologist with ejection fraction of \u3c 40% and assessed by New York Heart Association classification (NYHA). Plasma was assayed for creatinine (Cr), BNP and NT-proBNP. Results: A total of 190 subjects were enrolled in the study, 95 with and 95 without SHF. The mean age of patients was 58 (±15) years, 67.4% being males. Mean BNP levels showed a 2.5 fold and 1.5 fold increase from chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 to stage 5 in patients with and without SHF respectively. NT-proBNP levels in non-heart failure group were 3 fold higher in CKD stage 5 compared to stage 3. Mean NT-proBNP levels were 4 fold higher in CKD stage 5 compared to stage 3 in patients with SHF. Optimal BNP and NT-proBNP cutoffs of SHF diagnosis for the entire CKD group were 300 pg/ml and 4502 pg/ml respectively. Conclusion: BNP and NT-proBNP were elevated in kidney dysfunction even in the absence of SHF; however the magnitude of increase in NT-proBNP was greater than that of BNP. BNP and NT-proBNP can be useful in diagnosing SHF, nonetheless, by using higher cutoffs stratified according to kidney dysfunction. NT-proBNP appears to predict heart failure better than BNP

The Etiological Spectrum OF Short Stature among Children Attending Endocrine Clinic at Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: One of the most frequent reasons for referral to pediatric endocrinology units is short stature. Children’s short height has a complicated etiology that includes genetics, race, gender, nutrition, and several endocrine hormones. Objective: To determine the etiological spectrum of short stature among children presenting to endocrinology outpatient clinics in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the outpatient clinic of the Endocrinology Department at the National Institute of Child Health Hospital from September to December 2022. Short stature was defined as height for age <-2 standard deviations for the corresponding age and gender according to World Health Organization growth charts. 263 children were enrolled in the study. Detailed history and panel investigation for short stature were mediated for each child. Results: A total of 263 patients were enrolled in the study having a median age of 8 (IQR=6-9) years and the majority were females (53.2%). The median SD of height and current weight was -3.48 (IQR= -4.3 - -2.83) and -2.8 (IQR= -3.59 - -2.17) respectively. The most frequently seen classification of short stature was the normal variant (68.1%) followed by endocrine disorders (19.8%), dysmorphic syndrome (9.9%), and chronic disease (2.3%). The most common cause of short stature was familial short stature (47.9%) followed by growth hormone deficiency (18.3%), constitutional short stature (9.1%), Turner syndrome (9.1%), both familial and constitutional SS (8%), idiopathic short stature (3%), celiac disease (2.3%), Cushing syndrome (n=2, 0.8%), panhypopituitarism (0.8%) and Seckel syndrome (0.8%). Conclusion: This study analyzed that the majority of short stature are normal variants. However, findings of endocrine disorders, dysmorphic disorders, and chronic disease suggest timely screening and detection of short stature to avoid serious consequences of silent underlying diseases

Sonographic Association of Uterine Artery Pulsatility Index with Hypertension During Third Trimester of Pregnancy

Background: Hypertension (HTN) in pregnancy is the second most basic reason for maternal death and cause obstetric complications in 5-10% of all pregnancies. HTN directly affects the blood flow of uterine artery.  Doppler screening test is a valuable method to do safe and non-invasive detection and has high reliability in the detection of uterine artery blood flow characteristics. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to find association between predictive value of uterine artery pulsatility index in normal and hypertensive pregnancy during third trimester. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with the sample size of 138 patients by selecting the convenient sampling from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. The pulsatility index of uterine artery of all the women with normal singleton pregnancy and hypertensive during third trimester of pregnancy were obtained using Doppler ultrasound. Data was analyzed with the help of Anova .The results were derived by mean, frequency and standard deviation . Results: The significance between groups was 0.002. The mean values of right and left uterine artery pulsatility index of 36 hypertensive patients were 1.40 and 1.41 and standard deviation 0.4 and 0.5 respectively whereas the mean values of right and left uterine artery pulsatility index of 102 normal patients were 0.739 and 0.77 and standard deviation 0.23 and 0.5 respectively Conclusion: Our study concluded that there was an association between uterine atery pulsatility index and hypertension during pregnancy. The uterine artery pulsatiltiy index has increased with hypertension in third trimester of pregnancy. Keywords: Hypertension, Pulsatility Index, Doppler Ultrasound DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/72-07 Publication date:March 31st 202

How E-Learning Is Reshaping the Education Industry of Developing Economy? An Evidence from PLS-SEM Approach

The tremendous advancement of information technology has altered the way education is delivered. Students are increasingly opting for e-learning in order to improve their academic success. Explanatory research was chosen since it is based on a well-established principle and clarifies the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Computer self-efficacy (CSE), goal-setting (GOS), meta-cognitive strategy (METS), and online environment (ONE) are independent variables, whereas academic performance is the dependent variable (ACS). The study examined multidimensional interactions in e-learning to investigate the impact of e-learning applications on academic success. The goal of the study is to increase students' academic performance. A questionnaire was used to collect data from students, and the structural equation model (SEM) was used to prove assumptions. The positive relationship between goal setting, computer self-efficacy, metacognitive strategy, and social interaction with academic success was proposed in this study, and three of the five hypotheses were accepted. However, the finding shows that the relationship between goal setting and computer self-efficacy on academic success was insignificant. The findings of this study will assist higher education institutions in improving their e-learning methods and efforts. In addition, the research model employed helps to a better knowledge of e-learning in both theory and practice