The Survey on the Actual Conditions of Raising and Utilization of Goat in Nagano Prefecture

わが国の畜産における山羊飼養の実態と問題を明らかにするために,長野県飯山地区,佐久地区において調査を行なった. 調査農家戸数は飯田地区14戸,佐久地区18戸である. 調査農家の平均耕地面積は,飯田地区104a,佐久地区154aであった. 1戸当りの平均飼養頭数は飯田地区で2.1頭,佐久地区で1.0頭であった. 調査農家のうち3戸は山羊の肥育を行なっていた. 山羊の飼育管理者は主として老人や婦人によっていた. 山羊の飼育組織はけい牧や刈取り給与方式であった. 山羊の飼料は,土手やけい畔の野草,野菜屑,残桑,残飯,牧草類など,四季に応じて生産される物から成っていた. 山羊乳はもっぱら自家飲用に用いられ,仔山羊と山羊肉は現金収入となっていた

Mice Treated with an Antibiotic Cocktail Containing Metronidazole Show Attenuated Allergy Responses through the Induction of Regulatory T Cells in the Intestinal Mucosa

This study sought to determine whether antibiotic treatments affect the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. We demonstrated that mice treated with a mixture of four antibiotic agents （ampicillin, neomycine, metronidazole, and vancomycin） showed significantly decreased antigen-specific IgE production compared to control mice, whereas mice treated with the same cocktail without metronidazole showed no change in IgE production compared to controls. Regulatory T cell suppression induced by particular antibody combinations is a possible mechanism of this effect, with an increased frequency of regulatory T cells also observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes （MLN） of mice treated with the mixture of four antibiotics, but not in the second cocktail without metronidazole. Our antibiotic treatments also dramatically decreased the diversity of mouse intestinal microbiota compared to control mice, based on 16SrRNA analysis of the cecum fecal composition. In conclusion, mice treated with antibiotic mixtures containing metronidazole, but not those treated without metronidazole, showed attenuated allergy responses and increased induction of regulatory T cells in the mucosa

Clinical application of removable partial dentures using thermoplastic resin—Part I: Definition and indication of non-metal clasp dentures

AbstractThis position paper proposes a definition and naming standard for removable partial dentures (RPDs) using thermoplastic resin, and presents a guideline for clinical application. A panel of 14 experts having broad experience with clinical application of RPDs using thermoplastic resin was selected from members of the Japan Prosthodontic Society. At a meeting of the panel, “non-metal clasp denture” was referred as the generic name of RPDs with retentive elements (resin clasps) made of thermoplastic resin. The panel classified non-metal clasp dentures into two types: one with a flexible structure that lacks a metal framework and the other having a rigid structure that includes a metal framework. According to current prosthetic principles, flexible non-metal clasp dentures are not recommended as definitive dentures, except for limited cases such as patients with a metal allergy. Rigid non-metal clasp dentures are recommended in cases where patients will not accept metal clasps for esthetic reasons. Non-metal clasp dentures should follow the same design principles as conventional RPDs using metal clasps

Complete paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 1 revealed by mutation analyses of the TRKA (NTRK1) gene encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase for nerve growth factor in a patient with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis

Uniparental disomy (UPD) is defined as the presence of a chromosome pair that derives from only one parent in a diploid individual. The human TRKA gene on chromosome 1q21-q22 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for nerve growth factor and is responsible for an autosomal recessive genetic disorder: congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA). We report here the second case of paternal UPD for chromosome 1 in a male patient with CIPA who developed normally at term and did not show overt dysmorphisms or malformations. He had only the usual features of CIPA with a homozygous mutation at the TRKA locus and a normal karyotype with no visible deletions or evidence of monosomy 1. Haplotype analysis of the TRKA locus and allelotype analyses of whole chromosome 1 revealed that the chromosome pair was exclusively derived from his father. Non-maternity was excluded by analyses of autosomes other than chromosome 1. Thus, we have identified a complete paternal isodisomy for chromosome 1 as the cause of reduction to homozygosity of the TRKA gene mutation, leading to CIPA. Our findings further support the idea that there are no paternally imprinted genes on chromosome 1 with a major effect on phenotype. UPD must be considered as a rare but possible cause of autosomal recessive disorders when conducting genetic testing

Clinical application of removable partial dentures using thermoplastic resin. Part II: Material properties and clinical features of non-metal clasp dentures

This position paper reviews physical and mechanical properties of thermoplastic resin usedfor non-metal clasp dentures, and describes feature of each thermoplastic resin in clinicalapplication of non-metal clasp dentures and complications based on clinical experience ofexpert panels. Since products of thermoplastic resin have great variability in physical andmechanical properties, clinicians should utilize them with careful consideration of thespecific properties of each product. In general, thermoplastic resin has lower color-stabilityand higher risk for fracture than polymethyl methacrylate. Additionally, the surface ofthermoplastic resin becomes roughened more easily than polymethyl methacrylate. Studiesrelated to material properties of thermoplastic resin, treatment efficacy and follow-up areinsufficient to provide definitive conclusions at this time. Therefore, this position papershould be revised based on future studies and a clinical guideline should be provided