Perlakuan Invigorasi untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Fisiologis dan Kesehatan Benih Padi Hibrida Intani-2 Selama Penyimpanan

Storage condition and pathogen infection of seed can cause seed deteriorates faster. The rate of deterioration during storage could be slowed by seed invigoration, and pathogen infection could be elimited by application of natural pesticide. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of seed invigoration on seed physiological quality and health of Intani-2 hybrid rice seed during storage. All research activities were done at Laboratory of Quality Control and Plant Protection, PT. BISI International, Kediri, East Java. Split plot design was used in this experiment with 4 replications. Three seed lots of Intani-2 rice seed were used as main plot and 5 invigoration treatments were used as sub plot. Seed lot 1, 2 and 3 were harvested on 30 June 2012, 29 September 2012, and 2 November 2012, respectively. Invigoration treatments consisted of untreated, priming with ascorbic acid 40 ppm, osmoconditioning with KNO3 2%, osmoconditioning with PEG -0.2 MPa, and hydropriming. All invigoration treatments were added with clove oil 0.3%. Osmoconditioning with KNO3 2% + clove oil 0.3% was effective to maintain vigour index of seed lots 2 and 3 for up to 3 months storage. All seed invigoration treatments increased speed of germination before storage. Priming with ascorbic acid 40 ppm + clove oil 0.3% and osmoconditioning with PEG -0.2 MPa + clove oil 0.3% were effective to reduce the growth of Xanthomonas sp. on rice seeds monitored at 0, 2, and 3 months after storage

Perlakuan Agens Hayati untuk Mengendalikan Hawar Daun Bakteri dan Meningkatkan Produksi Benih Padi Sehat

The research objectives were to evaluate biological agent treatments in controlling bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and increasing plant growth and seed production of rice. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and field using the same experimental design (randomized block design with two factors) and three replications. The first factor was seed treatments, i.e. negative control, positive control, streptomycin sulphate 0.2%, Pseudomonas diminuta + Bacillus subtilis, matriconditioning + streptomycin sulphate 0.2%, and matriconditioning + P. diminuta + B. subtilis. Spraying plants (second factor): untreated control, streptomycin sulphate 0.2%, biological agent F112, biological agent F198, and biological agent F57. In the greenhouse, matriconditioning + P. diminuta + B. subtilis improved seed germination, plant height, and plant dry weight. Spraying plants with biological agent F112 increased plant dry weight. Meanwhile, matriconditioning + P. diminuta + B. subtilis followed by spraying plants with biological agent F112 reduced the BLB severity. In the field, matriconditioning + P. diminuta + B. subtilis improved seedling dry weight. Matriconditioning + P. diminuta + B. subtilis and spraying plants with biological agents F112 controlled BLB and increased plant growth. However, all treatments were not able to increase healthy seed production

Efektivitas Frekuensi dan Volume Penyemprotan Daun dengan Agens Hayati Filosfer dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Hasil Padi

Increased of plant productivity in field determined by the use of quality seed from improved variety. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of frequency and volume of phyllosphere biological agents by foliar spray on rice plant infected by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in improving plant growth, production of rice seed, and controlling bacterial leaf blight (BLB). This research was conducted at Seed Health Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, and Muara Experimental Field, Rice Research Institute, March through September 2014. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with two factors, and replicates as blocks. The first factor was five levels of frequency of spraying with biological agents: P0 = control, P1 = Xoo seed inoculated then invigorated with biomatriconditioning, P2 = Xoo inoculated seed, then biomatriconditioned, and the plants were sprayed with phyllosphere biological agents F112 once, P3 = as P2, and the plants were sprayed with F112 twice, and P4 = as P2, and the plants were sprayed with F112 three times. The second factor was three levels of spray volume: i.e., 300, 400, and 500 L ha-1. Result of this experiment revealed that biomatriconditioning with rhizobacteria P. diminuta A6 and B. subtilis 5/B improved field emergence and seedling dry weight. Seeds applied with biomatriconditioning then followed by foliar spray with phyllosphere bacteria F112 at 40, 60, and 80 days after transplanting effectively reduced severity of BLB, increased plant dry weight and seed yield. All treatments increased yield as compared to untreated control. Volume of foliar application showed no significant difference, therefore, the lowest volume of 300 L ha-1 was recommended

Evaluasi Daya Simpan Benih Kedelai yang Diberi Perlakuan Pelapisan Benih dengan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed coating with arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi (AMF) on viability and vigor of soybean seeds during 6 month storage. This study consisted of two experiments conducted at ambient room and air-conditioned room from May through December 2011. The experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was seed coating i.e. untreated control and seed coating using AMF while the second factor was storage period i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months. Results of experiments showed that soybean seeds maintained the viability > 88% after 2 months stored in ambient room and >85% after 4 months stored in air-conditioned room. The viability of untreated and coated seeds did not show significant differences in both experiments. Untreated seeds indicated higher vigor either stored in ambient room (index vigor) or in air-conditoned room (speed of germination). Seeds coated with AMF showed the rate of increase in moisture content slower than the untreated ones during 6 month storage in ambient room. After 6 month storage in air-conditioned room, the coated seeds had lower moisture content than the untreated. The viability of AMF spores coated on seeds was maintained during 6 month storage in both experiments

Keefektifan Pelapisan Benih Terhadap Peningkatan Mutu Benih Padi Selama Penyimpanan

Seed coating using biological pesticides such as clove oil and citronella oil, was expected to have the ability to control seed-borne pathogens on rice. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of seed coating using clove oil and lemon grass oil against seed-borne fungi and bacteria on rice seed variety “Hipa 8” during storage. The experiment was conducted in Cimanggis, from February to September 2012, using completely randomized design with single factor, consisting of four levels: (1) clove oil 1% + chitosan 3%; (2) lemon grass oil 2% + carboxymethyl-cellulose 1%; (3) Synthetic pesticide (streptomycin sulphate 0.04% + benomyl 0.1%) + arabic gum 10%; and (4) control (without coating). Results showed that seedborne fungi pathogens on seed of Hipa 8 rice were detected at 6-month storage consisted of Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. The detected pathogenic bacteria were Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and X. campestris pv. oryzicola. Coating formula most compatible with the rice seed of HIPA 8 was chemical pesticide + 10% arabic gum, which suppressed fungal infection from 80% to 45% at the first month and from 90% to 70% at the fifth month, suppressed populations of Xoo + Xco from 7.6 x 108 cfu/g of seed to 5.86 x 105 cfu/g of seed at the first month and 7.0 x 106 cfu/g of seed to 1.4 x 104 cfu/g of seeds at the sixth month. The treatment caused the smallest decrease of seed viability compared to the other coating treatments