Leguminosae na área de conservação in situ do butiazal da Fazenda São Miguel, Tapes, Rio Grande do Sul.

O presente trabalho é um inventário das Leguminosae do butiazal da Fazenda São Miguel, Tapes, Rio Grande do Sul. Foram registradas duas subfamílias (Caesalpinioideae e Papilionoideae), nove tribos, 19 gêneros e 32 espécies. As tribos mais representativas são Phaseoleae (7 spp.), Dalbergieae (6 spp.) e Desmodieae (5 spp.) e os gêneros são Desmodium (5 spp.), Mimosa (3 spp.) e Chamaecrista (3 spp.). Verificou-se o estado de conservação das espécies e apenas seis espécies foram avaliadas quanto ao nível de ameaça de extinção, estando classificadas como pouco preocupante, o que demonstra a deficiência de dados sobre níveis de ameaça das demais espécies da família. Quanto à distribuição geográfica no Brasil, Crotalaria tweediana e Mimosa sanguinolenta ocorrem apenas nos três estados da Região Sul do Brasil. Lupinus lanatus e Rhynchosia lineata ocorrem exclusivamente nos estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, enquanto Clitoria nana, Lupinus albescens e Macroptilium psammodes somente no Rio Grande do Sul

Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)

Subfamily Caesalpinioideae with ca. 4,600 species in 152 genera is the second-largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) and forms an ecologically and economically important group of trees, shrubs and lianas with a pantropical distribution. Despite major advances in the last few decades towards aligning genera with clades across Caesalpinioideae, generic delimitation remains in a state of considerable flux, especially across the mimosoid clade. We test the monophyly of genera across Caesalpinioideae via phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes sequenced via targeted enrichment (Hybseq) for 420 species and 147 of the 152 genera currently recognised in the subfamily. We show that 22 genera are non-monophyletic or nested in other genera and that non-monophyly is concentrated in the mimosoid clade where ca. 25% of the 90 genera are found to be non-monophyletic. We suggest two main reasons for this pervasive generic non-monophyly: (i) extensive morphological homoplasy that we document here for a handful of important traits and, particularly, the repeated evolution of distinctive fruit types that were historically emphasised in delimiting genera and (ii) this is an artefact of the lack of pantropical taxonomic syntheses and sampling in previous phylogenies and the consequent failure to identify clades that span the Old World and New World or conversely amphi-Atlantic genera that are non-monophyletic, both of which are critical for delimiting genera across this large pantropical clade. Finally, we discuss taxon delimitation in the phylogenomic era and especially how assessing patterns of gene tree conflict can provide additional insights into generic delimitation. This new phylogenomic framework provides the foundations for a series of papers reclassifying genera that are presented here in Advances in Legume Systematics (ALS) 14 Part 1, for establishing a new higher-level phylogenetic tribal and clade-based classification of Caesalpinioideae that is the focus of ALS14 Part 2 and for downstream analyses of evolutionary diversification and biogeography of this important group of legumes which are presented elsewhere

Precipitation is the main axis of tropical phylogenetic turnover across space and time

Early natural historians – Compte de Buffon, von Humboldt and De Candolle – established ecology and geography as two principal axes determining the distribution of groups of organisms, laying the foundations for biogeography over the subsequent 200 years, yet the relative importance of these two axes remains unresolved. Leveraging phylogenomic and global species distribution data for Mimosoid legumes, an pantropical plant clade of 3,400 species, we show that the water availability gradient from deserts to rainforests dictates turnover of lineages within continents across the tropics. We demonstrate that 95% of speciation occurs within a precipitation niche, showing profound phylogenetic niche conservatism, and that lineage turnover boundaries coincide with isohyets of precipitation. We reveal similar patterns on different continents, implying that evolution and dispersal follow universal processes.Fil: Ringelberg, Jens J. University of Zurich. Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany; SuizaFil: Koenen, Erik J.M. University of Zurich. Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany; Suiza. Université Libre de Bruxelles. Faculté des Sciences. Evolutionary Biology & Ecology; BélgicaFil: Sauter, Benjamín. University of Zurich. Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany; SuizaFil: Aebli, Anahita. University of Zurich. Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany; Suiza. Abteling Umweltschutz und Energie. Departement Bau und Umwelt; SuizaFil: Rando, Juliana G. Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia. Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Ambientais; BrasilFil: Iganci, João R. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Campus Universitário Capão do Leão. Instituto de Biologia; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica; BrasilFil: de Queiroz, Luciano P. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Departamento Ciências Biológicas; BrasilFil: Murphy, Daniel J. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: AustraliaFil: Gaudeul, Myriam. Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), MNHN-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UA: FranciaFil: Bruneau, Anne. Université de Montréal. Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques; CanadáFil: Luckow, Melissa. Cornell University. School of Integrative Plant Science. Plant Biology Section; Estados UnidosFil: Morales, Matias. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias; Argentin

Hybrid capture of 964 nuclear genes resolves evolutionary relationships in the mimosoid legumes and reveals the polytomous origins of a large pantropical radiation

PREMISE Targeted enrichment methods facilitate sequencing of hundreds of nuclear loci to enhance phylogenetic resolution and elucidate why some parts of the “tree of life” are difficult (if not impossible) to resolve. The mimosoid legumes are a prominent pantropical clade of ~3300 species of woody angiosperms for which previous phylogenies have shown extensive lack of resolution, especially among the species‐rich and taxonomically challenging ingoids. METHODS We generated transcriptomes to select low‐copy nuclear genes, enrich these via hybrid capture for representative species of most mimosoid genera, and analyze the resulting data using de novo assembly and various phylogenomic tools for species tree inference. We also evaluate gene tree support and conflict for key internodes and use phylogenetic network analysis to investigate phylogenetic signal across the ingoids. RESULTS Our selection of 964 nuclear genes greatly improves phylogenetic resolution across the mimosoid phylogeny and shows that the ingoid clade can be resolved into several well‐supported clades. However, nearly all loci show lack of phylogenetic signal for some of the deeper internodes within the ingoids. CONCLUSIONS Lack of resolution in the ingoid clade is most likely the result of hyperfast diversification, potentially causing a hard polytomy of six or seven lineages. The gene set for targeted sequencing presented here offers great potential to further enhance the phylogeny of mimosoids and the wider Caesalpinioideae with denser taxon sampling, to provide a framework for taxonomic reclassification, and to study the ingoid radiation