ANTITUSSIVE ACTIVITY ASSAYOF SAGE (LANTANA CAMARA L.)LEAVES BASED ON THE BREATHING PATTERN OF MALE GUINEA PIGS USING ADOBE AUDITION 1.5 PROGRAM

Objective: The present study was aimed to assay antitussive activity of Sage (Lantana camara L.)leavesMethods: Antitussive Assay was conducted based on The Breathing Pattern of Male Guinea Pigs Using Adobe Audition 1.5 Program.Results: Comparison of the frequency of breathing patterns guinea pig groups sage (Lantana camara L.)  leaves water fraction at a dose of 4.58 mg/kg bw dose of 9.17 mg/kg bw and doses of 18.35 mg/kg bw statistically significantly different results (p<0.05), as well as the ratio of intensity of the breathing pattern of the guinea pig. As for the water extract, significant differences in the frequency comparison guinea pig respiratory pattern is only shown at a dose of 18.35 mg/kg bw on the other side for its intensity did not show significant differences (p<0.05).Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sage leaves in the form of three fractionation (ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and water) can improve the breathing pattern guinea pig cough, especially at a dose of 18.35 mg/kg bw.Â

STABILITY OF OMEGA-3 COMPOUNDS COMPLEX WITH PPAR-γ RECEPTOR AS AN ANTI-OBESITY USING MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION

Objective: Obesity is a major contributor to comorbid diseases based on low grade chronic inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids have a role in inflammation so it is thought to prevent obesity. This study was conducted to analyze the stability of omega-3 fatty acids with the PPAR-γ receptor using molecular dynamic simulation to investigate the relationship of macromolecule interactions to biologically relevant as an obesity comorbid. Methods: The methods consisted of ligand acquisition, molecular dynamic simulation, and analysis of dynamic molecular results using Gromacs 2016.3 software and the results of the MD analysis were carried out by simulating time with VMD software and graphing the results of MD data analysis using Microsoft Excel. Results: The result showed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA) have good stability. Average RMSD values of DHA, DPA, and HPA were 0.347 Å, 0.464 Å, and 0.706 Å with similar pattern of fluctuation across the region. DHA forms a hydrogen bond to Tyr347 and Leu343. Meanwhile, DPA binds to Asn52 and HPA bind to Arg213. DHA, DPA, and HPA have an average SASA of 233.91 nm2, 231.47 nm2, and 225.52 nm2, respectively. DHA has the lowest total binding energy (-129.914 kJ/mol) compared to DPA (-102.018 kJ/mol) and HPA (-115.992 kJ/mol). Conclusion: Based on the molecular dynamics simulation approach, omega-3 compounds, DHA, DPA, and HPA showed that DHA has good stability compared to DPA and HPA. DHA, DPA, and HPA can be used as lead drugs to bind to PPAR-γ receptors to prevent and treat obesity

POTENTIAL ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITIES OF FRACTIONS FROM PURIFIED EXTRACT OF LAWSONIA INERMIS LEAVES IN ALLOXAN–INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the potential antidiabetic activity fractions of purified extract Lawsonia inermis leaves in mice (Mus musculus) and identification of the compound. Methods: The method included maceration, purification using ethanol and distilled water was followed by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate and magnesium sulfate as drying agents. Furthermore, the extract was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) for testing the purified extract. Fractionation using vacuum liquid chromatography, antidiabetic activity test of fractions at dose 100 mg/kgBW with alloxan induced and compound identification by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using HPLC connected to a Q-TOF spectrometer equipped with an ESI source, with Phenomenon column C8, and methanol with 0.3% formic acid as solvent. Results: The results showed that from the purification step of L. inermis leaves by vacuum liquid chromatography method, 7 fractions were obtained, i.e. A-G fractions. While the antidiabetic activity of fractions shown by decreasing blood sugar level in mice on the 15th day were 64, 75, 73, 73, 57, 45 and 67%, respectively. The identified compounds from each fraction were the ester groups namely 12-hydroxy-methyl abietate, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl ester, dehydromorroniaglycone, and (E)-hexadecyl-ferulate; the steroid group namely siraitic acid E; phenylpropanoid groups namely umbelliferone and bletilol C, and the alkaloid groups namely moupinamide and valine. Conclusion: L. inermis leaves had activity in lowering blood sugar levels. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of ester groups, steroid groups, phenylpropanoid groups and alkaloid groups. The presence of these compounds mostly contribute to antidiabetic activity

Formulasi Pasta Gigi Herbal Ekstrak Daun Sukun (Artocarpus Altilis) Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans

Prevalensi karies di Indonesia pada tahun 2013 berkisar 72,3%. Karies gigi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans dapat dihindari dengan bantuan senyawa kimiawi maupun tindakan mekanis. Pengunaan bahan alternatif dari bahan alam dalam sediaan pasta gigi sedang dikemabangkan. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan adalah daun sukun (Artocarpusaltilis). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Pada pembuatan sediaan pasta gigi herbal ekstrak daun sukun dibuat 3 formula dengan konsentrasi ekstrak masing-masing 10%, 15% dan 20%. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) untuk melihat perbedaan signifikan dari masing-masing perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil pengujian evaluasi fisik yang palik baik adalah formula III. Pada pengujian aktivitas antibakteri diperoleh daya hambat paling baik pada pasta gigi herbal adalah formula 3 dengan rata-rata luas daya hambat sebesar 21,37mm yang dapat dikategorikan memiliki daya hambat yang sangat kuat. Hasil uji ANOVA juga diperoleh nilai p<0,005 yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan dari masing-masing konsentrasi. Sediaan pasta gigi herbal ekstrak daun sukun (Artocarpusaltilis) dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembuatan sediaan pasta gigi herbal stabil pada evaluasi fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans

Formulasi Sabun Pembersih Kewanitaan (Feminime Hygiene) dari Ekstrak Kulit Buah Durian (Durio Zibethinus Murray)

Sabun pembersih kewanitaan (feminine hygiene) adalah suatu sediaan pembersih daerah kewanitaan berbentuk cair yang dibuat dari bahan dasar dan digunakan untuk membersihkan daerah kewanitaan tanpa menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit. Kulit buah durian mengandung senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang dapat digunakan sebagai antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi sabun pembersih kwanitaan dari ekstrak kulit buah durian.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen, dilakukan ekstraksi kulit buah durian secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96 %, dan dipekatkan menggunakan rotary evaporator. Formula sabun pembersih kewanitaan dibuat pada konsentrasi 25 % diantaranya formula A, B, dan C dengan konsentrasi asam stearat 7,5%, 8%, dan 8,5%, dan diuji evaluasi fisik yang meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, tinggi busa, dan uji iritasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sabun pembersih kewanitaan (feminine   hygiene) dari ekstrak kulit buah durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) telah memenuhi syarat uji evaluasi fisik yang stabil yang meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, tinggi busa, dan uji iritasi

Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa Paradisiaca sapientum) Dengan Metode DPPH (2,2-Difenil-1-Pikrilhidrazil)

Radikal bebas merupakan atom atau molekul yang mengandung satu atau lebih elektron tidak berpasangan dan sangat reaktif sehingga untuk menjadi stabil ia cenderung akan mengambil elektron dari molekul lain yang menimbulkan ketidaknormalan molekul lain dan memulai reaksi berantai yang dapat merusak jaringan. Radikal bebas ini dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit degeneratif seperti kanker, diabetes melitus dan alzheimer. Oleh karena itu,  diperlukan senyawa yang dapat meredam efek negatif dari radikal bebas yaitu antioksidan. Pisang Raja mengandung memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Kulit pisang mengandung antioksidan yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan dagingnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit pisang raja dengan menggunakan metode uji DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil).  Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit pisang raja dilakukan pada konsentrasi 2,5 ppm, 5 ppm, 7,5 ppm, dan 10 ppm dan vitamin C digunakan sebagai kontrol positif. Absorbansi  diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum yaitu 517 nm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit pisang Raja memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 46,82 ppm

FORMULASI PASTA GIGI INFUSA DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajavaLinn.) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI Na. CMC SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGIKAT

Guava leaves (Psidium guajava Linn.) has been shown inhibiting effect against dental caries causing bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. In order to facilitate its activity in overcoming dental caries,formulation into dosage toothpaste was needed. The purpose of this study was to formulate toothpaste from infuse of guava leaves with variations concentration of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulosa as a binder to obtain the best toothpaste formula. The concentration of infuse of guava leaves was 5% and 4%, 6% and 8%for Sodium carbxymethylcellulose respectively for formula each formula. Other additives have been used, they were calcium carbonate, glycerin, sodium lauryl sulfate, α-tocopherol, propyl paraben, methyl paraben, Oleum Menthae Piperatae (OMP) and distilled water.The results showed that three toothpaste formula from the organoleptic testwere white coloured, mint flavored with soft and lumpy of textur, with the mean of pH value of 6,9 to 8,3 were eligible, and the foam height value of 3,5 to 5,5 cm. Theviscosity values were increased with the increasing concentration ofSodium carbxymethylcellulose. While the preference test showedthat toothpaste formula C was the most preferred

Effect of nephroprotectors of javanese bark extract (Lannea coromandelica) on aspirin-induced rat serum creatinine levels

Kidney disease is a global health problem based on the increase of incidence, prevalence, and morbidity rate. According to RISKESDAS 2018, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was increased significantly. Lannea coromandelica stem bark contains flavonoid was exhibited antioxidant that could be potential as nephroprotector. This study aimed to find out the nephroprotector effect of ethanolic extract of Lannea coromandelica stem bark by measurement serum creatinine levels at rats (Rattus novergicus). This study was used experimental laboratory method. In this study used 25 rats were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 was administered Na CMC 1 % as negative control group. Group 2 was administered aspirin 600 mg/kg body weight as induced control group. Group 3, 4, and 5 were administered Lannea coromandelica stem bark ethanolic extract with the doses 400 mg/kg body weight, 800 mg/kg body weight, and 1200 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The extract of lannea coromandelica stem bark groups were given for 4 days orally. Blood of rats were collected from the orbital sinus eye to be measured creatinine serum level at 5th day. The data was analyzed statistically with one way ANOVA and Paired samples test. The result of this study exhibited that there was a differences of creatinine levels between pre and post treatment with p-value=0.033< 0.05. In conclusion, this study presented that ethanolic extract of Lannea coromandelica stem bark was decreased serum creatinine levels at doses 800 and 1200 mg/kg body weight against the aspirin induced on rats

Efek Nefroprotektif Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum) terhadap Kadar Kreatinin Tikus yang Diinduksi Parasetamol

Gagal ginjal merupakan masalah Kesehatan dunia ditinjau dari insidensi, prevalensi dan tingkat kematian. Berdasarkan data dari Amerika Serikat menunjukkan bahwa gagal ginjal kronik meningkat sebesar 20-25% setiap tahun. Pisang raja (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum) merupakan spesies dari genus Musa yang digunakan sebagai pengobatan tradisional dan mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang dapat berpotensi sebagai nefroprotektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efek nefropeotektif kulit pisang raja pada tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol dosis toksik. Kulit pisang raja diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut methanol. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian jenis eksperiment dengan metode pre and post test control design. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 kelompok hewan uji dan setiap kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus. Kelompok 1 merupakan kelompok kontrol negatif yang diberikan Na CMC 0,5%, kelompok 2 merupakan kelompok induksi parasetamol dosis toksik dengan dosis 180 mg/kgBB. Kelompok 3,4, dan 5 merupakan kelompok yang diberikan ekstrak metanol kulit pisang raja dengan masing-masing dosis sebesar 700 mg/kgBB, 1400 mg/kgBB dan 2100 mg/kgBB. Kerusakan sel ginjal disebabakan karena pemberian parasetamol dosis toksik dengan mengukur kadar serum kreatinin tikus. Anaslisis data SPSS dengan Paired sample T test menunjukkan nilai P sebesar 0,016<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol kulit pisang raja dapat menurunkan kadar kreatinin serum tikus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol kulit pisang raja memiliki efek nefroprotektif pada tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol dosis toksik melalui penurunan kadar serum kreatinin tikus