35 research outputs found
The Effect of Pre-Event Instructions on Eyewitness Identification
Research on eyewitness identification often involves exposing participants to a simulated crime and later testing memory using a lineup. We conducted a systematic review showing that pre-event instructions, instructions given before event exposure, are rarely reported and those that are reported vary in the extent to which they warn participants about the nature of the event or tasks. At odds with the experience of actual witnesses, some studies use pre-event instructions explicitly warning participants of the upcoming crime and lineup task. Both the basic and applied literature provide reason to believe that pre-event instructions may affect eyewitness identification performance. In the current experiment, we tested the impact of pre-event instructions on lineup identification decisions and confidence. Participants received non-specific pre-event instructions (i.e., “watch this video”) or eyewitness pre-event instructions (i.e., “watch this crime video, you’ll complete a lineup later”) and completed a culprit-absent or -present lineup. We found no support for the hypothesis that participants who receive eyewitness pre-event instructions have higher discriminability than participants who receive non-specific pre-event instructions. Additionally, confidence-accuracy calibration was not significantly different between conditions. However, participants in the eyewitness condition were more likely to see the event as a crime and to make an identification than participants in the non-specific condition. Implications for conducting and interpreting eyewitness identification research and the basic research on instructions and attention are discussed
Factores que determinan la acciĂłn de chatear por celular mientras se camina
1 recurso en lĂnea (97 páginas) : ilustraciones, figuras, tablas.El presente trabajo de investigaciĂłn estudia los factores que determinan la acciĂłn
de chatear mientras se camina, con el propĂłsito de analizar sus causas, desde la
perspectiva de los usuarios, y plantear medidas que ayuden a mitigar la conducta
de chatear mientras se camina de los peatones.
La metodologĂa usada tuvo dos perspectivas basadas en la aplicaciĂłn de una
encuesta a una muestra representativa de la poblaciĂłn. En primer lugar, se hizo un
análisis empĂrico a partir de la obtenciĂłn de barras apiladas divergentes, para un
conjunto de indicadores de variables latentes, basados en indicadores de tipo Likert.
En segundo lugar, tomando los datos de un experimento de preferencias
declaradas, mediante un proceso iterativo, se hizo la estimaciĂłn de modelos de tipo
Logit multinomial a través del software de uso libre Biogeme.
De esta manera se pudo concluir que los factores determinantes de la conducta de
chatear mientras se caminan están relacionados con caracterĂsticas sociales del
individuo, polĂticas de tránsito, caracterĂsticas de la infraestructura urbana,
caracterĂsticas socio-econĂłmicas de las personas, asĂ como las caracterĂsticas
propias del uso del telĂ©fono de cada individuo.BibliografĂa y webgrafĂa: páginas 94-97.PregradoIngeniero de Transport