Indicadores de la globalización

<div>Este artículo tiene el propósito de realizar un balance sobre los trabajos que han abordado </div><div>la temática de indicadores de globalización  y formular algunas propuestas para avanzar </div><div>en este programa de investigación. Si bien los indicadores formulados se han ido </div><div>ajustando y afinando gradualmente (desde el punto de vista conceptual y técnico), aún </div><div>hay una serie de consideraciones que merecen la atención de la comunidad de creadores </div><div>de indicadores, tales como: adición de dimensiones y variables, la correcta representación </div><div>del espacio geográfico del proceso de globalización y la distinción entre integración </div><div>regional y global.</div&gt

Emerging Countries and Trade Regionalization. A Network Analysis

In this paper, the authors start from the observation of two apparently contradictory trends: the increasing regionalization of trade and the proliferation of regional trade agreements, on the one hand, and the increase of the average number of trading partners of each country and of the trading distances over time due to decreasing transportation and communication costs, on the other, pointing to more globalization. They are brought together to better understand the characteristics of the process of internationalization which is involving so many emerging countries. In particular, by considering the extent of regionalization in trade or the preferentiality of regional trade, as well as the structure of some existing trade agreements in terms of influence of individual countries on intra-regional trade flows, they address the following questions: is internationalization of emerging countries starting at a regional level and eventually evolving to make them global players? Is the growing export strength of many low- or mid-income and size economies due to their linkages to some increasingly important traders in the world market, or is it an autonomous development of their economies? The authors start from a particular specification of bilateral trade intensity indices which allows for measuring revealed trade preferences, overcoming several statistical shortcomings of traditional indicators. They then apply the tools of network analysis, in order to take into account whether local trade structures and preferential agreements affect the overall system of international trade. © 2013 Society for Policy Modeling

Measuring international production fragmentation: where do we stand?

Despite the growing importance of international fragmentation of production, it is still difficult to accurately assess its real size and effect. Several different indicators were proposed over the last decade, but their capacity to provide precise and consistent results is often hindered by the lack of proper data. From an academic and a political standpoint, gaining quantitative knowledge on international vertical fragmentation in production and trade is a major challenge, thus calling for robust and accurate measurement tools. As a first step to face this challenge, this paper takes stock of indicators proposed in the literature, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks and stressing the data requirements.international production; production fragmentation; indicators; global value chains; GVCs; offshoring; international outsourcing; vertical specialisation; multinational firms; input–output tables; international trade.

The World is not Flat

This paper reviews different proposals for the measurement of globalisation, arguing that available composite indicators, although going beyond a purely economic definition of international integration, fail to perform their task adequately for a variety of conceptual and methodological reasons. The most important problem is that globalisation indicators often do not take the spatial aspects of international interactions adequately into account. The scope of international integration is not necessarily global, as cross-border interactions among human societies are often limited in their geographical reach. The author explores a number of ways through which space and distance affect the construction of globalisation indicators.

Trade and Infrastructure in the Belt and Road Initiative: A Gravity Analysis Based on Revealed Trade Preferences

This paper aims at investigating whether and how the intensity of trade between a pair of countries changes when they experience improvements in their infrastructural systems. We carry out our analysis considering countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a project specifically designed to promote infrastructural connectivity and therefore boost trade among the countries involved. Our empirical strategy relies on a particular specification of the gravity model, in which the dependent variable consists in an index of revealed trade preferences, calculated by comparing the actual value of trade flows between two countries with their expected value, proportional to the two countries’ total trade. Such methodology allows us to estimate bilateral trade intensity without resorting to the traditional “size” variables of the gravity model, taking the entire network of multilateral trade into account. We then study the possible impact of an improvement in infrastructure on a ‘gravity-adjusted’ measure of trade preferences, given by the residuals of our first estimations. Our results indicate that bilateral preferences among BRI countries will intensify inasmuch as they succeed in coordinating their infrastructural projects

Accordi di integrazione regionale e geografia del commercio mondiale: problemi di misurazione ed evidenza empirica

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal