Metro Trains Equipped Onboard withSupercapacitors: a Control Technique forEnergy Saving

The paper deals with the use of onboard supercapacitors for metro trains. The practical utilization of supercapacitors requires suitable power converters for the regulation of power flows between the catenary and the electrical drives of the power-train. These converters operate in dc current and have to be bi-directional in order to allow the charge and discharge of supercapacitors. The mathematical model of the whole electrical drive has been developed and the main features of the control strategy have been presented. The control is capable of limiting the peak currents of the contact line and recovering partially the kinetic energy of the train during the braking periods. Simulations prove that the suggested control strategy is very effective for both purposes. Experimental tests made on a scaled prototype, representing the translating masses of a train, fully confirm the results of the simulations

DC Charging Station for Electric and Plug-in Vehicles

AbstractThis paper is focused on the evaluation of theoretical and experimental aspects related to the different operation modes of a laboratory power architecture, which realizes a micro grid for the charging of road electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. The analyzed power configuration is based on a DC bus architecture, which presents the main advantage of an easy integration of renewable energy sources and buffered storage systems. A first phase of simulations is aimed to evaluate the main energy fluxes within the studied architecture and to identify the energy management strategies, which optimize simultaneously the power requirements from the main grid and charging times of different electric vehicles. A second phase is based on the experimental characterization of the analyzed power architecture, implementing the control strategies evaluated in the simulation environment, through a laboratory acquisition and control system. Then the experimental results coming from the laboratory prototype are compared with the simulation results, in order to achieve a better parameter setting of the simulation model for the analyzed structure. This preliminary analysis makes possible other simulations to be carried out on more complex architecture of micro-grids, taking into account the integration of renewable energy sources and high power buffer storage systems. Particular attention is also given to the analysis of ultra-fast charging operations and the related performance in terms of total efficiency, charging times, total power factor and power requirements from the main grid. This study represents a further step toward the new concept of smart grid scenario for electric vehicles

SISTEMA PER LA CARICA DI VEICOLI ELETTRICI

The present invention concerns a modular multilevel power converter architecture for DC ultra-fast charging station of road electric vehicles (EV) with the integration of distributed energy storage systems, which work as energy buffer between the grid and the electric vehicle in recharge. This topology is developed in order to reduce power requirements from the grid during the ultra-fast recharging phase. This is achieved by interfacing the main AC grid (low or medium voltage) and Electric vehicles by means N-sub-module. Each sub-module is composed by more independent cascade Ac/Dc and DC/DC power converters integrated on one single board. The choice of number converters to be implemented on single board depends on of electrical source and storage to be inter-connected. The control strategies are implemented on single board

Design of GEMSTAR tidal current fixed pitch rotor controlled through a Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) de‐fluxing technique

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