Antidiabetic activity of compounds isolated from the roots of Premna latifolia Roxb

Purpose: To evaluate the hypoglycaemic activity of the ethanol extract, chloroform  fraction, and three compounds isolated from Premna latifolia.Methods: The ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, and compounds 1 – 3 (isolated from the chloroform fraction) of P. latifolia were characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR). In vitro activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assays. In vivo antidiabetic activity was evaluated in a streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rat model of diabetes. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes were  determined. Liver and pancreas histopathology was assessed.Results: Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited significant hypoglycaemic activity by reducing elevated FBG and HbA1C (p ≤ 0.001) and also exerted positive effects on blood and liver enzyme profiles, which were largely altered in diabetic control group. These compounds also showed significant antioxidant activity, increasing catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase, while lowering malondialdehyde (p ≤ 0.001). The histopathology results for the rats that received these compounds suggested regeneration of pancreatic β-cells.Conclusion: Compounds 2 and 3 isolated from the dried roots of P. latifolia possess significant hypoglycaemic activity, reno- and hepatoprotective effects, and antioxidant activity. They show promise as potential treatments for patients with diabetes.Keywords: Antioxidant, Hypoglycaemic, Premna latifolia, Stigmanstan-3β-olyl n-octadec-9ʹ, 12ʹ- dienoate, n-Tetracosanol, n-Tridecanyl n-Tetracosanoat

Aegle marmelos phytochemical stabilized synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles and their role against agriculture and food pathogen

Nature and nanotechnology have not yet achieved a lucid correlation in the field of science but together they have exhibited immense potential towards the advancement and modification in future science and technology. Due to the unique properties of nanomaterials like nanoparticles gained considerable importance. Among all the nanoparticles, zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) are greatly utilized in sensors, catalysis, bioscience, etc. Antimicrobial activity by ZnO NPs had more attention by the implementation of nanotechnology for the preparation of ZnO NPs. At present, antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs using Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) leaves extract was done. The ZnO NPs subjected to UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM analysis. The presence of phenolic group in extract has the capacity to form ZnO NPs and act as stabilizing agent. Every 5 min interval ZnO NPs was formed which recorded by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The SEM analysis displayed a fine spherical ZnO NPs and EDAX report showed that the existence of zinc and oxygen in the ratio of 30.51% and 69.49%. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs has high percentage inhibition against A. niger at 1000 ppm. Till now, no research carryout on A. marmelos mediated ZnO NPs and applications towards antimicrobial activity