Post-fire flowering and fruiting in Vellozia sincorana, a caulescent rosette plant endemic to Northeast Brazil

Vellozia sincorana L.B. Sm. & Ayensu, an endemic of campos rupestres, is an endangered species collected by local people to start cooking fires due to the flammability of its resinous stems. A massive flowering of V. sincorana following a wildfire in October 1999 raised some questions: Does fire affect flowering and fruiting of V. sincorana? Is the height of individuals correlated with flowering and fruit production? A wildfire event on 8 November 2008 provided an opportunity to explore these questions. Two populations of V. sincorana in two campos rupestres sites (12º31'S - 41º29'W; 12º36'S - 41º28'W) on ridgetops in the Chapada Diamantina National Park (Brazil) were monitored, one burned in the November 2008 fire and the other unburned since the 1999 fire. In both sites, 25 individuals were randomly labeled and monitored. Nine plant samplings were conducted between 2008 and 2010, during which the number of flowers and fruits were tallied and the heights measured. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and linear regression were used to evaluate the relationship between the height of individuals and phenology. Flowering and fruiting occurred only in the recently burnt population, about 40 days after the fire, in 24 of the 25 individuals monitored (96%). The quantity of flower and/or fruit was positively and significantly correlated with plant height. The abundant flowering after fire suggests that fire triggers this phenological phase. Estimates of age of the taller individuals and the periods of flowering can be used to estimate fire frequency in the V. sincorana population sites, which contributes to the knowledge of fire ecology and is useful for conservation biology and fire management of campos rupestres

Enfermeiros assistenciais das instituições psiquiátricas de Ribeirão Preto: caracterização, formação e atuação Enfermeros asistenciales de las instituciones psiquiátricas de Ribeirão Preto: caracterización, formación y actuación Clinical nurses working in psychiatric institutions at the city of Ribeirão Preto: characteristics, education and performance

Estudo quanti-qualitativo, com proposta de caracterizar enfermeiros que trabalham em instituições psiquiátricas em Ribeirão Preto, focalizar sua formação, identificar ações de enfermagem que referem desenvolver rotineiramente e relacionar formação, prática e conhecimento considerado específico da área pelos mesmos. As discussões dos resultados foram alicerçadas em autores que trabalham com o ensino e a pesquisa em enfermagem e enfermagem psiquiátrica. Os dados evidenciaram pessoas predominantemente do sexo feminino, em fase adulta, com tempo razoável de serviço na área. A maioria não procurou por cursos de especialização e atualização, não participou de treinamentos e eventos de enfermagem. Entre ações que os enfermeiros revelaram realizar destacam-se as de natureza burocrática-administrativas. Consideram alguns temas como conhecimento específico da enfermagem psiquiátrica, o mais enfatizado foi o relacionamento terapêutico. Apontaram ainda algumas dificuldades e facilidades para sua formação/atualização.<br>Estudio cuanti-cualitativo, buscando caracterizar los enfermeros que trabajan en instituciones psiquiátricas en Ribeirão Preto, focalizar su formación, identificar acciones de enfermería que dicen realizar de forma rutinaria y relacionar la formación, la práctica y el conocimiento considerado por ellos mismos, específicos del área. Los resultados mostraron personas predominantemente de sexo femenino, en etapa adulta, con tiempo razonable de servicio en el área. La mayoría no ha buscado curso de especialización y actualización, no participó en entrenamientos y eventos de enfermería. Entre las acciones que los enfermeros manifiestan realizar se destacan las de naturaleza burocrático-administrativas. Consideran algunos temas como conocimiento específico de la enfermería psiquiátrica, entre ellos el más enfatizado fue la relación terapéutica. Enunciaron también dificultades y facilidades para su formación/actualización.<br>This is a quanti-qualitative study that had the purpose to characterize nurses who work in psychiatric institutions at the city of Ribeirão Preto, focussing on their education, identifying nursing actions that those professionals perform daily and finding out about practice and knowledge that they consider specific to their area. The discussions on the results were based on authors who study psychiatric nursing teaching and research. Data evidenced a sample mainly formed by adult women, with a reasonable period of service in the area. The majority of the professionals did not search for specialization or continuing education courses and did not participate in training courses and scientific events. Among the actions that nurses perform daily, the bureaucratic-administrative ones are emphasized. They mentioned some themes such as specific knowledge on psychiatric nursing, especially therapeutic relationship. They also pointed out some difficulties and facilities they found regarding their professional education and knowledge updating

Métodos de recuperação de pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. no Agreste Pernambucano Recovery methods of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. pastures in the Agreste region of Pernambuco State

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar metodologias que viabilizem a recuperação de pastagens degradadas de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. no Agreste de Pernambuco. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com confundimento. Os tratamentos experimentais foram constituídos de quatro manejos de recuperação (diferimento, diferimento + gradagem, diferimento + gradagem + milho e diferimento + plantio direto do milho), duas doses de nitrogênio (0 e 100 kg/ha de N), duas doses de fósforo (0 e 100 kg/ha de P2O5), perfazendo 16 tratamentos, com três repetições. O corte foi realizado aos 138 dias do início do experimento. Houve interação entre as adubações utilizadas, evidenciando aumento na disponibilidade de matéria seca para as adição conjunta de 100 kg/ha de N e 100 kg/ha de P2 O5. A disponibilidade de MS total foi superior nos métodos diferimento e diferimento + plantio direto, quando comparados aos tratamentos com gradagem. Aos 138 dias, houve ainda aumento na porcentagem de solo descoberto nos métodos com uso de grade, verificando-se o contrário nos tratamentos sem gradagem. A gradagem não se mostrou uma prática agronômica viável para a recuperação de pastagens degradadas em solos arenosos do Agreste Pernambucano, enquanto o diferimento da pastagem por 138 dias no período chuvoso propiciou a recuperação, principalmente quando associado à adubação nitrogenada e fosfatada. A recuperação da pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. é expressivamente incrementada com a aplicação de adubos nitrogenado e fosfatado pela redução de outras espécies.<br>In order to identify methods of recuperation of degraded pastures in the Agreste of Pernambuco, an experiment was conducted in the Fazenda Riacho do Papaguaio, municipial district of São João. It was used a split-plot feature within a confounded randomized block design. The experimental treatments were four recovery managements (deferment, deferment + harrowing, deferment + harrowing + corn as a companion crop, deferment + corn as a companion crop), two levels of nitrogen (0 and 100 kg/ha of N), two levels of phosphorus (0 and 100 kg/ha of P2O5), totalizing 16 experimental treatments with three replications. The harvesting evaluation was taken after 138 days from implementation of the experimental treatments. A significant N and P2O5 interaction was observed with marked increase in forage dry matter mass corresponding to the combination of 100 kg/ha of N and P2O5. The deferment and deferment + corn treatments resulted in higher forage mass yield as compared to the harrowing ones. After 138 days of growth, there was an increase in the percentage of uncovered soil with plow use, while the opposite was true without the use of a plow. Plowing did not demonstrate agronomic viability as a degraded pasture recuperation practice. Allowing the pasture to rest for 138 days during the rainy season promoted its recuperation, primarily with the combined application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. The recovery of nitrogen and phosphate fertilized Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. was associated with decrease of other species

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora