Evolution of perturbations in 3D air quality models

The deterministic approach of sensitivity analysis is applied on the solution vector of an Air Quality Model. In particular, the photochemical CAMx code is augmented with derivatives utilising the automatic differentiation software ADIFOR. The enhanced with derivatives version of the model is then adopted in a study of the effect of perturbations at the boundary conditions on the predicted ozone concentrations. The calculated derivative matrix provides valuable information e.g., on the ordering of the infl uential factors or the localisation of highly affected regions. Two fundamentally different domains of the Auto-Oil II programme were used as test cases for the simulations, namely Athens and Milan. The results suggest that ozone concentration be highly affected by its own boundary conditions and subsequently, with an order of magnitude less, by the boundary conditions of NOX and VOC

Benchmark Exercise on Major Hazard Analysis. Vol. 1. Description of the Project, Discussion of the Results and Conclusions

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Update of indicators for climate change mitigation in Greece

This paper analyses the factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Greece, (i.e. the drivers of pressures on climate change), using environmental indicators related to energy, demographics and economic growth. The analysis is based on the data of 2008 and considers types of fuel and sectors. The Kaya identity is used to identify the relationship between drivers and pressures, using annual time series data of National GHG emissions, population, energy consumption and gross domestic product. The analysis shows that over the period 2000-2008, GHG emissions show a slight variation, but they are almost stabilised, with a total increase of 1.6%. Despite the economic growth over that period, this stabilisation may be considered as a combination of reductions in the energy intensity of GDP and the carbon intensity of energy, which are affected by improvements in energy efficiency and introduction of "cleaner" fuels, such as natural gas and renewables in the energy mixture of the country.Climate change Energy Indicators