563 research outputs found
prior shared experience and survival of spin-offs from restructured state enterprises
Many organizations, especially in emerging economies, trace their origins to restructured state enterprises, and this study explores the implications of such origins for organizational adaptation to changing environmental conditions. We compare the activity choices and survival chances of spin-offs from restructured state enterprises with those of de novo organizations. We argue that prior shared experience of spin-offsâ managers and employees facilitates the redeployment of routines developed in parent state enterprises. This should predispose spin-offs to pursue familiar activities, but this choice is not completely predetermined, and its survival implications depend on the environmental conditions. Our empirical findings suggest that spin-offs from restructured state enterprises are less likely to engage in new activities than de novo organizations. However, those restructuring spin-offs that do engage in new activities before the regulatory regime shift significantly improve their survival chances after the shift. Moreover, we find that the detrimental effect of the regulatory regime shift and the beneficial effect of engaging in new activities are stronger for spin-offs from restructured state enterprises than for de novo organizations.authorsversionpublishe
Validation study of the Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) in a Peruvian sample
Integrative proteomics highlight presynaptic alterations and c-Jun misactivation as convergent pathomechanisms in ALS
Negative emotional stimuli reduce contextual cueing but not response times in inefficient search
In visual search, previous work has shown that negative stimuli narrow the focus of attention and speed reaction times (RTs). This paper investigates these two effects by first asking whether negative emotional stimuli narrow the focus of attention to reduce the learning of a display context in a contextual cueing task and, second, whether exposure to negative stimuli also reduces RTs in inefficient search tasks. In Experiment 1, participants viewed either negative or neutral images (faces or scenes) prior to a contextual cueing task. In a typical contextual cueing experiment, RTs are reduced if displays are repeated across the experiment compared with novel displays that are not repeated. The results showed that a smaller contextual cueing effect was obtained after participants viewed negative stimuli than when they viewed neutral stimuli. However, in contrast to previous work, overall search RTs were not faster after viewing negative stimuli (Experiments 2 to 4). The findings are discussed in terms of the impact of emotional content on visual processing and the ability to use scene context to help facilitate search
Inhomogeneous Phases in a Double-Exchange Magnet with Long Range Coulomb Interactions
We consider a model with competing double-exchange (ferromagnetic) and
super-exchange (anti-ferromagnetic) interactions in the regime where phase
separation takes place. The presence of a long range Coulomb interaction
frustrates a macroscopic phase separation, and favors microscopically
inhomogeneous configurations. We use the variational Hartree-Fock approach, in
conjunction with Monte-Carlo simulations to study the geometry of such
configurations in a two-dimensional system. We find that an array of diamond
shaped ferromagnetic droplets is the preferred configuration at low electronic
densities, while alternating ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic diagonal
stripes emerge at higher densities. These findings are expected to be relevant
for thin films of colossal magneto-resistive manganates.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures. Journal Ref. added, errors correcte
Racial and ethnic differences in personal cervical cancer screening amongst post-graduate physicians: Results from a cross-sectional survey
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Racial and ethnic disparities in cervical cancer screening have been attributed to socioeconomic, insurance, and cultural differences. Our objective was to explore racial and ethnic differences in adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations among female post-graduate physicians.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a cross-sectional survey at one university hospital among a convenience sample of 204 female post-graduate physicians (52% of all potential participants), examining adherence to United States Preventive Services Task Force cervical cancer screening recommendations, perception of adherence to recommendations, and barriers to obtaining care.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall, 83% of women were adherent to screening recommendations and 84% accurately perceived adherence or non-adherence. Women who self-identified as Asian were significantly less adherent when compared with women who self-identified as white (69% vs. 87%; Relative Risk [RR] = 0.79, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.64â0.97; P < 0.01). Women who self-identified as East Indian were significantly less likely to accurately perceive adherence or non-adherence when compared to women who self-identified as white (64% vs. 88%; RR = 0.73, 95% CI, 0.49â1.09, P = 0.04). Women who self-identified as Asian were significantly more likely to report any barrier to obtaining care when compared with women who self-identified as white (60% vs. 35%; RR = 1.75, 95% CI, 1.24â2.47; P = 0.001) and there was a non-significant tendency toward women who self-identified as East Indian being more likely to report any barrier to obtaining care when compared with women who self-identified as white (60% vs. 34%; RR = 1.74, 95% CI, 1.06â2.83; P = 0.06).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Among a small group of insured, highly-educated physicians who have access to health care, we found racial and ethnic differences in adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations, suggesting that culture may play a role in cervical cancer screening.</p
Psychologistsâ dilemmas in career counselling practice
In this study, we explored main dilemmas psychologists face in career
counselling in two main professional settings: employment and education. Participants
included 24 experienced Portuguese psychologists, working in employment
(n = 14) and educational (n = 10) settings. We used consensual qualitative
research to conduct and analyse semi-structured interviews. Results revealed
dilemmasâ in five domains: neutrality, assessment, dual loyalty, role boundaries, and
confidentiality, with the typical dilemma in the domain of neutrality. Differences
between groups were found in the domains of dual loyalty and role boundaries.Dans cette étude, nous avons exploré les principaux dilemmes rencontrés
par les psychologues dans le conseil en orientation dans deux milieux professionnels
centraux: le placement et lâĂ©ducation. Parmi les participants figuraient 24 psychologues
portugais expérimentés travaillant dans des contextes de placement (n = 14)
et dâĂ©ducation (n = 10). Nous avons utilisĂ© la recherche qualitative consensuelle
pour mener et analyser les entretiens semi-structurés. Les reŽsultats ont révé lé des
dilemmes dans cinq domaines: la neutralitĂ©, lâĂ©valuation, la double loyautĂ©, les
limites du rÎle, et la confidentialité, avec le dilemme typique dans le domaine de la
neutralité. Les différences entre les groupes ont été identifiees dans les domaines de
la double loyauté et les limites du rÎle.In dieser Studie untersuchten wir die hauptsÀ chlichen Dilemmata, mit denen Psychologen in der Berufsberatung in zwei wesentlichen professionellen
Einrichtungen konfrontiert sind: Beruf und Bildung. Zu den Teilnehmern geho
šrten 24 erfahrene portugiesische Psychologen, die in Einrichtungen von Beruf
(n = 14) und Bildung (n = 10) arbeiteten. Wir verwendeten einvernehmliche
qualitative Forschung um semi-strukturierte Interviews durchzufušhren und zu
analysieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigten Dilemmata in fĂŒnf Bereichen: NeutralitĂ€t,
Beurteilung, doppelte LoyalitÀt, Rollengrenzen und Vertraulichkeit, mit dem
typischen Dilemma in der DomÀne der NeutralitÀt. Unterschiede zwischen den
Gruppen wurden in den Bereichen der doppelten LoyalitÀt und Rollengrenzen
gefunden
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