Center-to-limb variation of the continuum intensity and linear polarization of stars with transiting exoplanets

The limb darkening and center-to-limb variation of the continuum polarization is calculated for a grid of one-dimensional stellar model atmospheres and for a wavelength range between 300 and 950 nm. Model parameters match those of the transiting stars taken from the NASA exoplanet archive. The limb darkening of the continuum radiation for these stars is shown to decrease with the rise in their effective temperature. For the lambda = 370 nm wavelength, which corresponds to the maximum of the Johnson-Cousins UX filter, the limb darkening values of the planet transiting stars lie in a range between 0.03 and 0.3. The continuum linear polarization depends not only on the effective temperature of the star but also on its gravity and metallicity. Its value decreases for increasing values of these parameters. In the UX band, the maximum linear polarization of stars with transiting planets amounts to 4%, while the minimum value is approximately 0.3%. The continuum limb darkening and the linear polarization decrease rapidly with wavelength. At the R band maximum (lambda = 700 nm), the linear polarization close to the limb is in fact two orders of magnitude smaller than in the UX band. The center- to-limb variation of the continuum intensity and the linear polarization of the stars with transiting planets can be approximated, respectively, by polynomials of the fourth and the sixth degree. The coefficients of the polynomials, as well as the IDL procedures for reading them, are available in electronic form. It is shown that there are two classes of stars with high linear polarization at the limb. The first one consists of cold dwarfs. Their typical representatives are HATS-6, Kepler-45, as well as all the stars with similar parameters. The second class of stars includes hotter giants and subgiants. Among them we have CoRoT-28, Kepler-91, and the group of stars with effective temperatures and gravities of approximately 5000 K and 3.5, respectively

Phenotypic diversity of bread wheat lines with introgressions from the diploid cereal Aegilops speltoides for technological properties of grain and f lour

The creation of varieties adapted to changing environmental conditions, resistant to various pathogens, and satisfying various grain purposes is impossible without using the genetic diversity of wheat. One of the ways to expand the genetic diversity of wheat is to introduce new variants of genes from the genetic pool of congeners and wild relatives into the genotypes of existing varieties. In this study, we used 10 lines from the Arsenal collection created on the genetic basis of the spring variety ‘Rodina’ and the diploid species Aegilops speltoides in the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” in 1994. The lines were previously characterized for the presence of translocations and chromosomal rearrangements cytologically and using molecular markers. Technological analyses were performed on grain obtained in Western Siberia and Moscow region. The aim of this study was to establish the possibilities of expanding the phenotypic diversity for technological properties of grain and flour as a result of such hybridization of bread wheat and the diploid cereal Aegilops speltoides. The variety ‘Rodina’ forms a vitreous grain with a high gluten content in Siberia, but has low physical properties of flour and dough. Five derived lines were found to have significantly higher protein and gluten content in grain. The highest values under both growing conditions were found in lines 73/00i, 82/00i, and 84/00i. Two lines (69/00i and 76/00i) showed a high flour strength and dough elasticity, characterizing the lines as strong and valuable in quality. These lines can be used for baking bread. Line 82/00i inherited from Ae. speltoides a soft-grain endosperm, which indicates the introgression of the Ha-Sp gene, homoeoallelic to the Ha gene of bread wheat, into ‘Rodina’. Flour of this line is suitable for the manufacture of confectionery without the use of technological additives. The lines generally retained their characteristics in different growing conditions. They can be attracted as donors of new alleles of genes that determine the technological properties of grain and resistance to biotic stresses

Политкорректность как социокультурный и лингвистический феномен в современном английском языке

It is universally acknowledged that political correctness is an important social, cultural and linguistic phenomenon that has become widespread in English-speaking countries and has had a significant impact on the English language and the world view of its speakers. The study of political correctness helps to understand better the role of a language in society, the relationship between a language and culture, facilitates intercultural communication. The purpose of this article is to study the phenomenon of political correctness in an English-speaking society, its influence on modern English and the picture of the world of its speakers. On the basis of the goal, the following tasks were put: to consider causes and common patterns of the development of political correctness to analyze articles, identify linguistic expressions of political correctness in the press. The most common types of political correctness in speech, such as racial, gender, social and physical are presented in the study. It has been found that in general political correctness has a positive influence on the development of the English language. Without any doubt, the main purpose of its use in speech is based on such qualities as attentiveness, tactfulness, respect and care of people. What is more, political correctness is closely connected with the dissemination of knowledge of the law, raising the educational level, further democratization, education of tolerance and thoughtful language policy within a particular state.Общепризнано, что политкорректность является важным социальным, культурным и языковым явлением, которое получило широкое распространение в англоязычных странах и оказало значительное влияние на английский язык и мировоззрение его носителей. Изучение политкорректности помогает лучше понять роль языка в обществе, взаимосвязь языка и культуры, способствует межкультурной коммуникации. Целью данного исследования является изучение феномена политической корректности в англоязычном обществе, его влияния на современный английский язык и картину мира его носителей. Исходя из цели, поставлены следующие задачи: рассмотреть изменения, произошедшие в современном английском языке под влиянием политкорректности и проанализировать различные тематические и структурные группы эвфемизмов. В работе представлены самые распространенные в речи виды политической корректности такие, как расовая, гендерная, социальная и физическая. В ходе исследования выяснено, что в целом политкорректность носит положительный характер: в её основе лежат такие качества как внимательность, тактичность, уважение, забота о людях. Политическая корректность связана с распространением правовых знаний, повышением образовательного уровня, дальнейшей демократизацией, воспитанием толерантности и продуманной языковой политики в рамках конкретного государства

Biological and economic characteristics of the allotetraploid with genomic formula DDAuAu from the cereal family

The synthesis  of new  allopolyploid  cereal  genotypes is an important task aimed  at involving new  genetic resources in breeding programs. Diploid species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops – bread  wheat  relatives – are an important source of agronomically  valuable traits. A tetraploid synthetic  with genomic formula DDAuAu was obtained by N.A. Navruzbekov through crossing Aegilops tauschii Coss. and Triticum urartu Thum. ex Gandil. The purpose of this work was to study  the  chromosomal composition and  biological  and  commercially  important traits of the  tetraploid. Cytogenetic analysis using fluorescent in situ hybridization  showed the  presence of all chromosomes of the D genome in the chromosomal complement of the synthetic. By means  of stepwise  vernalization, the winter habit was established for the tetraploid synthetic with the optimum vernalization requirement of 45 days. Under greenhouse conditions, two groups of genotypes were found whose flowering dates differed by 6.5 days, which may indicate an allelism at the Vrn-3 locus. The coloring of various organs of the tetraploid plant, such as coleoptile,  stem, anthers,  and glumes  of the spike, was revealed. The coloration  of the aleurone layer of the grain may indicate that the donor species T. urartu is a carrier of the Ba gene that controls its blue color. A new morphotype of leaf pubescence was found. In terms of productivity, the tetraploid is comparable to bread wheat. Grains are characterized by a supersoft structure and high wet gluten  content, from 39–45 to 65 %, in the field and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Thus, the tetraploid can be used to create  new wheat  genotypes as a source  of untapped genetic diversity, as well as a new genetic model  for studying  the patterns of evolution  of polyploid plants

Редокс-реакции у Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. в условиях техногенной нагрузки

Aquatic ecosystems are very sensitive to industrial impacts, and, therefore, it is increasingly important to study the mechanisms underlying the tolerance of aquatic organisms to water pollution. Heavy metals (HMs) are among the most common and toxic pollutants of aquatic ecosystems. They have a particularly strong effect on macrophytes, which are in close contact with the aquatic environment and can accumulate metals in considerable quantities. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. is a floating macrophyte (pleistophyte) with a high capacity for accumulation of HMs. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of industrial pollution on the redox reactions in H. morsus-ranae and to identify the role of low molecular weight antioxidants in adaptation of this macrophyte to unfavorable conditions. A comparative analysis of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of H. morsus-ranae from two (reference and impacted) water bodies was carried out. The study revealed an increased level of lipid peroxidation products in the leaves of H. morsus-ranae under industrial impact, which indicates oxidative stress. Nevertheless, this floating plant demonstrated fairly high resistance to adverse conditions, due to the synthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as proline and soluble protein thiols. Revealing the response of macrophytes to pollution of water bodies will help predict the state of aquatic ecosystems with an increase in anthropogenic pressure. © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved.Acknowledgements. The reported study was partly funded by RFBR and the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region, project number 20–45–660014. The authors are grateful to the reviewer, Prof., D. Sc. Golovko T. K. (Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar) for valuable comments that helped improve this paper and to Dr. Tripti (Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia) for editing the English language

A Substantial Amount of Hidden Magnetic Energy in the Quiet Sun

Deciphering and understanding the small-scale magnetic activity of the quiet solar photosphere should help to solve many of the key problems of solar and stellar physics, such as the magnetic coupling to the outer atmosphere and the coronal heating. At present, we can see only ${\sim}1$ of the complex magnetism of the quiet Sun, which highlights the need to develop a reliable way to investigate the remaining 99%. Here we report three-dimensional radiative tranfer modelling of scattering polarization in atomic and molecular lines that indicates the presence of hidden, mixed-polarity fields on subresolution scales. Combining this modelling with recent observational data we find a ubiquitous tangled magnetic field with an average strength of ${\sim}130$ G, which is much stronger in the intergranular regions of solar surface convection than in the granular regions. So the average magnetic energy density in the quiet solar photosphere is at least two orders of magnitude greater than that derived from simplistic one-dimensional investigations, and sufficient to balance radiative energy losses from the solar chromosphere.Comment: 21 pages and 2 figures (letter published in Nature on July 15, 2004

Ретроперитонеоскопический доступ при органосохраняющем лечении почечно-клеточного рака

Background. Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common urologic cancers. Due to development of modern diagnostic methods, kidney tumors are often diagnosed at early stages (cT1a-T1b). The golden standard of treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma is tumor resection. In retroperitoneoscopic access, the time to artery access is decreased, the risk of intra- and postoperative complications is reduced. Retroperitoneal access is preferable for tumors located on the lateral or posterior kidney surface.Aim. To analyze the results of treatment of patients after retroperitoneoscopic kidney resection.Materials and methods. Between 2018 and 2021, at the A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center 47 retroperitoneoscopic kidney resections were performed (29 (61.7 %) in men, 18 (38.3 %) in women) due to stage cT1aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma. Retrospective analysis of demographic data, comorbid status, tumor characteristics, operative time, blood loss volume, frequency and severity of complications per the Clavien-Dindo classification was performed. Complexity of resection was evaluated using the R.E.N.A.L. scale.Results. Mean patient age was 63 (38-79) years, body mass index was 29.9 (22-39) kg/m2. Tumor of the left kidney was diagnosed in 24 (51.0 %) cases, of the right kidney - in 22 (46.8 %) cases, bilateral lesions - in 1 (2.2 %) case. Mean tumor size was 22.4 (11-39) mm. Resection had low complexity in 35 (74.5 %) cases, intermediate complexity in 12 (25.5 %) cases. Mean operative time was 156 (80-280) minutes, mean warm ischemia time was 19 (7-32) minutes, number of resections with zero ischemia was 15 (31.9 %), mean blood loss volume was 53 (10-300) mL, number of resections without renal parenchyma suturing was 10 (21.3 %). Mean hospitalization time after surgery was 5 days. Postoperative complications were observed in 4 (8.5 %) cases: bleeding (severity grade II per the Clavien-Dindo classification) in 1 (2.1 %) case, postoperative infectious complications (severity grade II) - in 2 (4.2 %) cases, subcutaneous hematoma (severity grade I) - in 1 (2.1 %) case.Conclusion. Retroperitoneoscopic access is effective and safe. This is confirmed by low frequency and severity of postoperative complications. This access allows to reduce hospitalization time and pain management medication which accelerates patient mobilization and recovery. Comparative analysis shows that retroperitoneoscopic kidney resection has the same effectiveness as laparoscopic resection.Введение. Почечно-клеточный рак - одно из наиболее распространенных онкоурологических заболеваний. Благодаря развитию современных методов диагностики опухоли почек часто выявляются на ранней стадии (cT1a-T1b). «Золотым стандартом» лечения локализованного почечно-клеточного рака является резекция почки. При ретроперитонеоскопическом доступе уменьшается время доступа к артерии, снижается риск развития интра- и послеоперационных осложнений. Забрюшинный доступ предпочтителен при расположении опухоли по латеральной или по задней поверхности почки.Цель исследования - проанализировать результаты лечения пациентов после ретроперитонеоскопической резекции почки.Материалы и методы. С 2018 по 2021 г. на базе МРНЦ им. А.Ф. Цыба - филиала НМИЦ радиологии было выполнено 47 ретроперитонеоскопических резекций почки (29 (61,7 %) мужчинам, 18 (38,3 %) женщинам) по поводу почечно-клеточного рака с клинической стадией cT1aN0M0. Проведен ретроспективный анализ демографических данных, коморбидного статуса, характеристик опухоли, длительности операции, объема кровопотери, частоты и тяжести осложнений по классификации Clavien-Dindo. Сложность резекции оценивали по шкале R.E.N.A.L.Результаты. Средний возраст пациентов составил 63 (38-79) года, индекс массы тела - 29,9 (22-39) кг/м2. Опухоль левой почки имела место в 24 (51,0 %) случаях, правой - в 22 (46,8 %), двустороннее поражение - в 1 (2,2 %). Средний размер опухоли составил 22,4 (11-39) мм. Количество резекций низкой сложности было в 35 (74,5 %) случаях, умеренной сложности - в 12 (25,5 %). Средняя продолжительность операции составила 156 (80-280) мин, среднее время тепловой ишемии - 19 (7-32) мин, количество резекций в условиях «нулевой» ишемии - 15 (31,9 %), средний объем кровопотери - 53 (10-300) мл, количество резекций без ушивания почечной паренхимы - 10 (21,3 %). Средняя продолжительность пребывания в стационаре после операции - 5 дней. Послеоперационные осложнения зарегистрированы в 4 (8,5 %) случаях: кровотечение (II степень тяжести по классификации Clavien-Dindo) - в 1 (2,1 %), послеоперационные инфекционные осложнения (II степень тяжести) - в 2 (4,2 %), подкожная гематома (I степень тяжести) - в 1 (2,1 %).Заключение. Ретроперитонеоскопический доступ является эффективным и безопасным. Об этом свидетельствуют низкие частота и степень тяжести послеоперационных осложнений. Данный доступ позволяет уменьшить продолжительность госпитализации и снизить потребность в обезболивании, что ускоряет активизацию и восстановление пациентов. При сравнительном анализе установлено, что ретроперитонеоскопическая резекция почки не уступает по эффективности лапароскопической резекции

Permitted Oxygen Abundances and the Temperature Scale of Metal-Poor Turn-Off Stars

We use high quality VLT/UVES published data of the permitted OI triplet and FeII lines to determine oxygen and iron abundances in unevolved (dwarfs, turn-off, subgiants) metal-poor halo stars. The calculations have been performed both in LTE and NLTE, employing effective temperatures obtained with the new infrared flux method (IRFM) temperature scale by Ramirez & Melendez, and surface gravities from Hipparcos parallaxes and theoretical isochrones. A new list of accurate transition probabilities for FeII lines, tied to the absolute scale defined by laboratory measurements, has been used. We find a plateau in the oxygen-to-iron ratio over more than two orders of magnitude in iron abundance (-3.2 < [Fe/H] < -0.7), with a mean [O/Fe] = 0.5 dex (sigma = 0.1 dex), independent of metallicity, temperature and surface gravity. According to the new IRFM Teff scale, the temperatures of turn-off halo stars strongly depend on metallicity, a result that is in excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement with stellar evolution calculations, which predict that the Teff of the turn-off at [Fe/H] = -3 is about 600-700 K higher than that at [Fe/H] = -1.Comment: In press, Ap

Eclipses observed by LYRA - a sensitive tool to test the models for the solar irradiance

We analyze the light curves of the recent solar eclipses measured by the Herzberg channel (200-220 nm) of the Large Yield RAdiometer (LYRA) onboard PROBA-2. The measurements allow us to accurately retrieve the center- to-limb variations (CLV) of the solar brightness. The formation height of the radiation depends on the observing angle so the examination of the CLV provide information about a broad range of heights in the solar atmosphere. We employ the 1D NLTE radiative transfer COde for Solar Irradiance (COSI) to model the measured light curves and corresponding CLV dependencies. The modeling is used to test and constrain the existing 1D models of the solar atmosphere, e.g. the temperature structure of the photosphere and the treatment of the pseudo- continuum opacities in the Herzberg continuum range. We show that COSI can accurately reproduce not only the irradiance from the entire solar disk, but also the measured CLV. It hence can be used as a reliable tool for modeling the variability of the spectral solar irradiance.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, Solar Physic

Oxygen in the Very Early Galaxy

Oxygen abundances in a sample of ultra-metal-poor subdwarfs have been derived from measurements of the oxygen triplet at 7771--5 A and OH lines in the near UV performed in high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra obtained with WHT/UES, KeckI/HIRES, and VLT/UVES. Our Fe abundances were derived in LTE and then corrected for NLTE effects following Thevenin and Idiart (1999). The new oxygen abundances confirm previous findings for a progressive linear rise in the oxygen-to-iron ratio with a slope -0.33+-0.02 from solar metallicity to [Fe/H] -3. A slightly higher slope would be obtained if the Fe NLTE corrections were not considered. Below [Fe/H]= -2.5 our stars show [O/Fe] ratios as high as ~ 1.17 (G64-12), which can be interpreted as evidence for oxygen overproduction in the very early epoch of the formation of the halo, possibly associated with supernova events with very massive progenitor stars. We show that the arguments against this linear trend given by Fulbright and Kraft (1999), based on the LTE Fe analysis of two metal-poor stars cannot be sustained when an NLTE analysis is performed. Using 1-D models our analysis of three oxygen indicators available for BD +23 3130 gives consistent abundances within 0.16 dex and average [O/Fe] ratio of 0.91.Comment: 45 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa